The Hidden Impact of Medications: Unveiling Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth
DR ANIL MELATH
, DR SUBAIR K , DR SWATHI S , NEHLA NAJEEB , NAVYAKEERTHI
drug ,gingival enlargement, anticonvulsant.
Drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGO), previously termed drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, occurs as a side effect of certain systemic drugs. These drugs, primarily used for non-dental treatments, include anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. DIGO manifests as firm, painless, nodular enlargements of the gingiva, particularly affecting the interdental papilla and can interfere with speech, chewing, and aesthetics. The pathophysiology involves inhibited calcium ion influx at the cellular level, with plaque-induced inflammation exacerbating the condition. Common causative drugs include phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine, each presenting distinct histological patterns. Phenytoin, for instance, is associated with a more fibrotic response, whereas cyclosporine triggers a more inflamed, vascular response. The condition is most prevalent in male children and adolescents, particularly in the anterior region.
Effective treatment includes improving oral hygiene, considering medication substitution, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Alternative medications such as tacrolimus for cyclosporine or diltiazem for nifedipine are recommended due to lower associated rates of gingival overgrowth. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and folate supplementation are also part of the management strategy. The condition typically shows improvement 6 to 12 months after the discontinuation of the causative drug.
Drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGO), previously termed drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, occurs as a side effect of certain systemic drugs. These drugs, primarily used for non-dental treatments, include anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants, and calcium channel blockers. DIGO manifests as firm, painless, nodular enlargements of the gingiva, particularly affecting the interdental papilla and can interfere with speech, chewing, and aesthetics. The pathophysiology involves inhibited calcium ion influx at the cellular level, with plaque-induced inflammation exacerbating the condition. Common causative drugs include phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine, each presenting distinct histological patterns. Phenytoin, for instance, is associated with a more fibrotic response, whereas cyclosporine triggers a more inflamed, vascular response. The condition is most prevalent in male children and adolescents, particularly in the anterior region.
Effective treatment includes improving oral hygiene, considering medication substitution, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Alternative medications such as tacrolimus for cyclosporine or diltiazem for nifedipine are recommended due to lower associated rates of gingival overgrowth. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, and folate supplementation are also part of the management strategy. The condition typically shows improvement 6 to 12 months after the discontinuation of the causative drug.
"The Hidden Impact of Medications: Unveiling Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth ", IJNRD - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (www.IJNRD.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.9, Issue 10, page no.a621-a646, October-2024, Available :https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2410065.pdf
Volume 9
Issue 10,
October-2024
Pages : a621-a646
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_300947
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2410065
Downloads: 00029
Research Area: Others area
Country: mahe, pondycherry, India
ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave
