Paper Title
Gauging Public Health Risks Associated with PFAS Contamination of Potable Water in Punjab, India
Article Identifiers
Registration ID: IJNRD_303388
Published ID: IJNRD2501122
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Keywords
PFAS, potable water contamination, public health risks, cholesterol impact, PFAS metabolism, prenatal PFAS exposure, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, prenatal health, environmental pollutants, water quality, risk assessment, emerging contaminants, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, survey reliability.
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as a global environmental concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and harmful health effects. In Punjab, India, PFAS contamination of drinking water presents significant public health risks, including increased cancer rates, developmental issues, compromised immune function, and altered metabolic processes such as cholesterol deregulation. Research has shown that PFAS exposure can disrupt lipid metabolism, leading to changes in cholesterol levels, which are linked to cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, PFAS exposure can interfere with metabolic functions and endocrine regulation, potentially contributing to the development of conditions like type 2 diabetes. Prenatal exposure to PFAS has also been shown to impact fetal development, leading to potential birth defects, developmental delays, and weakened immune systems. This study assesses the extent of PFAS contamination in potable water sources in Punjab and evaluates the associated health risks faced by local communities, including the impact on metabolic health and the potential for prenatal harm. The research ensured the reliability of its survey tools through both internal consistency and test-retest reliability analyses. Cronbach’s alpha revealed that most sections of the questionnaire exhibited acceptable to excellent internal consistency (α = 0.673 to 0.878), although the "Exposure to PFAS" section had a lower alpha value (α = 0.550), indicating areas for improvement. Test-retest reliability, measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient, demonstrated high consistency over time (r = 0.993 to 1.000) for all variables. By combining robust survey reliability testing with water quality analysis and health data, this study highlights the urgent need for action to address PFAS contamination. It underscores the importance of implementing effective mitigation strategies, advancing water treatment technologies, and raising awareness within communities to protect public health. This work contributes to the growing body of research on PFAS contamination, particularly in regions with limited resources, and calls for further investigation into the broader health implications of PFAS exposure.
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How To Cite (APA)
Dr. Stephen Monday, Prof. (Dr) H.K Sidhu, Prof (Dr.) Daniel Mairafi Gimbason, J. Samuel Kamanda, & Idris Levi Mamman (January-2025). Gauging Public Health Risks Associated with PFAS Contamination of Potable Water in Punjab, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(1), b207-b214. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2501122.pdf
Issue
Volume 10 Issue 1, January-2025
Pages : b207-b214
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_303388
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2501122
Research Area: Science All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Mandi - Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2501122.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2501122
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