Paper Title
DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF A DICLOFENAC SODIUM TRANSDERMAL PATCH USING THE SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD
Article Identifiers
Registration ID: IJNRD_303242
Published ID: IJNRD2502010
: Click Here to Get
About Hard Copy and Transparent Peer Review Report
Keywords
Diclofenac sodium, Carbopol, Dibutyl phthalates, DMSO, HPMC, In-vitro release, Transdermal patch and Tween 20.
Abstract
Diclofenac is an effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used as an analgesic, and anti-inflammatory with multiple usages. It has a short half-life and requires prolonged administration. Its oral therapy is associated with low patient compliance and some side effects. This study intends to design and evaluate transdermal patches based on a matrix to improve bioavailability and patient compliance. Matix type of controlled systems was prepared by using Carbopol and HPMC polymers by incorporating propylene glycol as the plasticizer. Six formulations with varying ratios of penetration enhancers were prepared as single-layered transdermal patches by solvent evaporation method. In the first three formulations (P1, P2 and P3) different penetration enhancer was maintained respectively. In the later three formulations (P4, P5 and P6) different ratio of penetration enhancers was used. All the patches were uniform concerning physico-chemical evaluation. The permeability coefficient, enhancement ratio, and diffusion rate constants, among other permeation characteristics, were calculated for each formulation. The effect of permeation enhancer on the diffusion of Diclofenac across rat skin was also determined. The permeability coefficient values obtained from in-vitro diffusion studies across skin suggested the need for penetration enhancers given achieving the desired permeation to maintain the therapeutic concentrations. The in vitro release studies revealed that the release was sustained up to 12 hrs and followed zero-order kinetics. However, for the in-vitro drug release results formulation P1 was shown to be the optimised formulation, as a higher percentage of sustained release was obtained. The IR studies showed that there was no interaction between drug and polymer and they were found to be compatible.
Downloads
How To Cite (APA)
Sagar K.C, Swyika K.C, Samira Shrestha, Sunita Satshankar, & Surakshya Kharel (February-2025). DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF A DICLOFENAC SODIUM TRANSDERMAL PATCH USING THE SOLVENT EVAPORATION METHOD. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(2), a60-a75. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2502010.pdf
Issue
Volume 10 Issue 2, February-2025
Pages : a60-a75
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_303242
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2502010
Research Area: Pharmacy All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Lalitpur-18, Bagmati, Nepal
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2502010.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2502010
About Publisher
Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)
UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION, Low Cost, Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG
Copyright & License
© 2026 - Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use.
The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.
Publication Timeline
Article Preview: View Full Paper
Call For Paper
IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the New UGC CARE Transparent Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.
IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.
The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.
Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.
Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication: IJNRD operates a strict double-blind peer review system managed by 3000+ expert reviewers, ensuring ethical, unbiased, and high-quality review for every research paper.
For Indian Authors : Get a transparent peer review report from Scholar9.com for just ₹1000. View Sample Report
For Foreign Authors : A detailed peer review report is available through Scholar9.com for $20 USD. View Sample Report
Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication
⭐ Transparent Peer Review | 🕵️♂️ Double-Blind | 👨🏫 3000+ Expert Reviewers | 🇮🇳 Report for India Author ₹1000 | 🌐 Report for Foreign Author $20 | 📄 Sample Reports on Scholar9.com | 🌍 High Credibility | ⚖️ Ethical & Unbiased Evaluation
How to submit the paper?
By Our website
Click Here to Submit Paper Online
Recently, the UGC discontinued the UGC-CARE Journal List and introduced new parameters that allow publication in Transparent Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journals. IJNRD is Transparent Peer Review Journal Valid As per New UGC Notification.
You can now publish your research paper in IJNRD.ORG. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access (Refereed Journal), UGC and UGC CARE Approved, Crossref DOI, Multidisciplinary, Impact Factor calculate by Google Scholar. As an International, open-access, and online journal, Publishing with us ensures wider reach, academic credibility, and enhanced recognition for your work.
For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice
⭐ Low Cost ₹1570 | 📚 UGC CARE Approved | 🔍 Peer-Reviewed | 🌐 Open Access | 🔗 Crossref DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor | 🧪 Multidisciplinary
Submit Paper Online Call for Paper About IJNRD UGC CARE Approval
Important Dates for Current issue
Paper Submission Open For: April 2026
Current Issue: Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026
Impact Factor: 8.76
Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-May-2026
Notification of Review Result: Transparent peer review process - your paper is evaluated by experts, and you receive acceptance or rejection updates via email and SMS.
Publication of Paper: Once all documents are submitted, your paper is published without delay, and you can instantly download your certificate and confirmation letter online.
Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).
Journal Type: IJNRD is an international open-access journal offering Low Cost Journal Publication, transparent Peer Review Journal Publication, Crossref DOI, and multidisciplinary research visibility under UGC CARE Approved Journal Publication.
Subject Category: Research Area
Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details
Call For Paper - Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026
IJNRD.org offers low-cost journal publication starting at ₹1570 with UGC CARE Approved, refereed, peer-reviewed, open-access publishing. This multidisciplinary monthly journal, available in both online and print formats, features a strong Google Scholar-based impact factor of 8.76, Transparent Peer Review, CrossRef DOI, global indexing, fast publication, and complete metadata for maximum research visibility and citation impact across multidisciplinary domains.
Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026 | IJNRD Transparent Peer Review Certificate | Submit Paper Online
⭐ UGC CARE Approved Refereed Journal | 🔍 Transparent Peer Review | 🌐 Open Access Publishing | 💰 Low-Cost ₹1570 | 🔗 CrossRef DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor 8.76 | 🧪 Multidisciplinary | Online & Print
Submit Paper Online
