Paper Title
Hydro Criminality Today: Understanding Causes, Consequences and Legal Responses
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Registration ID: IJNRD_305898
Published ID: IJNRD2504383
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Keywords
Hydro criminality, water theft, pollution, governance, water scarcity, legal frameworks, water conflict, water commodification.
Abstract
Hydro criminality involves unlawful acts targeting water resources, such as illegal extraction, pollution, corruption, and sabotage. It emerges from a mix of environmental stress, poor governance, inequality, and political-corporate collusion. As climate change worsens water scarcity, competition intensifies, encouraging criminal activity. Weak institutions and fragmented regulation provide opportunities for exploitation by criminal networks. The impacts of hydro criminality are wide-ranging. Human health is threatened by waterborne diseases due to contamination. Environmental damage includes depleted aquifers and destroyed ecosystems. Economically, it harms agriculture, fisheries, and tourism. Insecurity rises as water-related crimes spark conflicts and are weaponized by criminal groups. Legal responses span national and international law, but enforcement is often weak or fragmented. National laws suffer from unclear rights and poor implementation, while international frameworks lack universal enforcement. Environmental and criminal law intersections complicate transboundary crime responses. Regional cases show how hydro criminality varies: tanker mafias in India, agricultural theft in South Africa, Flint’s water crisis in the U.S., water as a weapon in the Middle East, and Latin American resistance to privatization. India's courts increasingly affirm water as a public right. Effective solutions include legal reform, community governance, transparency, and participatory decision-making to protect water resources.
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How To Cite (APA)
A. Mathivanan, S. Ramaswamy, V. Sutha, Sruthi Mohan, & S. Arun ,Dilsha Selvakumar (April-2025). Hydro Criminality Today: Understanding Causes, Consequences and Legal Responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(4), d528-d544. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2504383.pdf
Issue
Volume 10 Issue 4, April-2025
Pages : d528-d544
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Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_305898
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2504383
Research Area: Science and Technology
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: -, -, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2504383.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2504383
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