Paper Title
Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ Co-Doped Optical Glasses and Glass-Ceramics: Advances in Luminescence, Energy Transfer, Lasers, Optical Amplification and Sensing
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Registration ID: IJNRD_328385
Published ID: IJNRD2609111
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Keywords
Er³⁺; Yb³⁺; rare-earth-doped glasses; tellurite glass; phosphate glass; glass-ceramics; upconversion luminescence; near-infrared emission; energy transfer; optical amplifiers; optical temperature sensing; photonic materials
Abstract
Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped glasses and glass-ceramics have attracted considerable attention as multifunctional photonic materials because of their efficient near-infrared emission, visible upconversion, broad gain bandwidth, and compatibility with compact optical devices. The incorporation of Yb³⁺ as a sensitizer provides an efficient route for absorbing 980 nm excitation and transferring energy to Er³⁺, thereby enhancing the population of radiative Er³⁺ states. This review summarizes recent progress in Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-activated phosphate, tellurite, fluorophosphate, silicate, bismuth-containing, fluoride, chalcogenide and mixed-anion glass systems. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between glass composition, local structure, phonon energy, rare-earth concentration, energy-transfer processes and optical performance. Phosphate glasses provide high rare-earth solubility and favorable gain characteristics, whereas tellurite and fluorotellurite systems offer high refractive indices, broad emission and relatively low phonon energies. Controlled crystallization further improves luminescence by concentrating rare-earth ions in low-phonon nanocrystalline environments. Optimization of Er/Yb ratios is essential because excessive dopant concentrations can introduce energy-transfer upconversion, back-energy transfer and concentration quenching. Additional strategies, including halide modification, heavy-metal oxide incorporation, dehydration, laser sintering, silver nanoparticle incorporation and multi-ion doping, have provided further improvements in emission efficiency and device functionality. Beyond conventional 1.5 μm lasers and optical amplifiers, Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ glasses are increasingly being investigated for optical thermometry, UV monitoring, random lasing, strain sensing and integrated photonics. Overall, the literature demonstrates that simultaneous control of composition, rare-earth concentration, nanocrystallization and photonic architecture provides a versatile strategy for engineering high-performance Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-based optical materials.
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How To Cite (APA)
Pramod Kumar Saket & Dr Purnima Singh (September-2026). Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ Co-Doped Optical Glasses and Glass-Ceramics: Advances in Luminescence, Energy Transfer, Lasers, Optical Amplification and Sensing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(9), b88-b98. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2609111.pdf
Issue
Volume 11 Issue 9, September-2026
Pages : b88-b98
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Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_328385
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2609111
Research Area: Physics All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Bhopal , MP, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2609111.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2609111
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