Paper Title
STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW
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Registration ID: IJNRD_328440
Published ID: IJNRD2609226
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Keywords
Occupational stress, anxiety, depression, government employees, private employees, workplace mental health, occupational health, job stress.
Abstract
Background Occupational mental health has emerged as an important public health concern because employees spend a substantial proportion of their productive lives in the workplace. Occupational stress, anxiety and depression can have negative effects on work performance, job satisfaction, interpersonal relationships, productivity and quality of life. The occupational environments of government and private-sector workers may differ in such areas as job security, workload, performance expectations, working hours, organizational structure and career opportunities. Objective The present review considers the evidence available on stress, anxiety and depression in private and public sector employees and identifies occupational factors that may contribute to differences in psychological well-being between the two sectors. Methods A narrative comparative review was undertaken using published literature identified through PubMed and other academic databases. Relevant literature was searched using terms including occupational stress, workplace stress, anxiety, depression, government employees, private employees, public-sector employees and mental health at work. Comparative studies and systematic reviews addressing occupational psychological health were considered. Because the available studies differed in sample characteristics, occupations, assessment instruments and study designs, the findings were synthesized narratively rather than statistically pooled. Results The available evidence indicates that both private and government employees experience occupational stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. A comparative study involving 480 employees reported better mental health and job satisfaction among government employees than private employees. [1] In contrast, another comparative study involving 60 employees using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) found no significant difference in stress, anxiety or depression between private and government employees. [2] Broader evidence indicates that high job demands, low job control, job insecurity, effort-reward imbalance, excessive working hours and poor organizational support are associated with poorer mental health. [3-12] Workplace interventions, including cognitive-behavioral and organizational approaches, may reduce depressive symptoms and support employee mental health. [13-15] Conclusion Both private and government employees are vulnerable to occupational psychological distress. Current evidence does not establish that one employment sector is universally associated with higher stress, anxiety or depression. Instead, occupational and organizational characteristics appear to play an important role. Future multicentric studies using standardized assessment tools and comparable occupational populations are required.
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How To Cite (APA)
Dr Sadar Hemant Mohanrao, DR.RAJEEV MISHRA, DR.SHUCHI DUBEY, & DR.BABITA DASH (September-2026). STRESS, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PRIVATE AND GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(9), c280-c290. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2609226.pdf
Issue
Volume 11 Issue 9, September-2026
Pages : c280-c290
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Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_328440
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2609226
Research Area: Medical Science All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: BHOPAL, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2609226.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2609226
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