Paper Title
COAL: A VITAL ENERGY RESOURCE UNDER SCRUTINY
Article Identifiers
Authors
S.RAMASWAMY , V.SUTHA , V.KAVERI , SRUTHI MOHAN
Keywords
Coal demand, Carbon emissions, Renewable energy
Abstract
In 2022, global coal demand surged to an unprecedented 8.42 billion tonnes (Bt), marking a 4% increase from the previous year, driven primarily by Asia. China witnessed a 4.6% rise, equivalent to 200 million tonnes (Mt), while India and Indonesia experienced hikes of 9% (97 Mt) and 32% (49 Mt) respectively, with nickel smelters notably contributing to Indonesia's growth. Conversely, the United States observed an 8% decline, amounting to 37 Mt, the most significant drop globally, while Europe's 4.3% consumption uptick was subdued due to factors like a tepid economy and mild winter. Although some European countries faced subdued hydropower and nuclear electricity generation, natural gas price spikes prompted a shift to coal. However, in 2023, advanced economies, particularly the European Union and the United States, are anticipated to witness substantial declines, approximately 20% annually. Nonetheless, China and India, with growth rates of approximately 5% and 8% respectively, alongside Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines, are projected to offset these decreases, collectively accounting for over 70% of global coal demand. Despite commitments to renewable energy, emerging economies like India and Indonesia are expected to rely on coal to sustain robust economic expansion, leading to a slight 1.4% growth in global coal demand to a new high of 8.54 Bt in 2023. Notably, China's dominance in the coal market surpasses that of any other country for any fuel, consuming and producing more than half of the world's coal while serving as the largest importer, controlling nearly one-third of the global coal trade.
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How To Cite (APA)
S.RAMASWAMY , V.SUTHA, V.KAVERI , & SRUTHI MOHAN (April-2024). COAL: A VITAL ENERGY RESOURCE UNDER SCRUTINY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(4), a82-a93. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404012.pdf
Issue
Volume 9 Issue 4, April-2024
Pages : a82-a93
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_217126
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2404012
Downloads: 000122005
Research Area: Engineering
Country: -, -, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404012.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2404012
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