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IJNRD
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-4184 | Impact factor: 8.76 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Paper Title: Isotherm modeling of the removal of lead and cadmium ions from pharmaceutical wastewater using oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors Name: Dr. Odenigbo Celestine , Engr. Dr. Odenigbo Celestine
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IJNRD_186842
Published Paper Id: IJNRDTH00013
Published In: Volume 8 Issue 2, February-2023
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Abstract: ABSTRACT: This review prioritised isotherm modelling of the lead and cadmium purging from pharmaceutical wastewater using activated oil palm empty fruit bunch. The heavy metals in pharmaceutical wastewater sample were revealed by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry analysis, which proved that lead and cadmium metals are the most dangerous metals in the sample under analysis because they exceed the acceptable limits given by World Health Organization. The nutritional value of the raw and activated oil palm bunch, revealed through proximate analysis, indicated an increase in adsorbent properties after chemical activation. The surface morphological perusal of the raw and activated samples revealed considerable increment in the number of the vacant pores for effective adsorption post acid treatment while the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer analysis also indicated a surge in void spaces after activation as a result of the disappearance of certain functional groups. Kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm modeling of the purging of lead and cadmium from pharmaceutical effluents by adsorption were done using standard equations. Langmuir model closely followed by Temkin model were the most fitting models for the adsorption process. Pseudo-second order kinetic model is the most suitable kinetic model while the results from the thermodynamic study, such as change in enthalpy, change in entropy and standard Gibb’s free energy indicated the non-spontaneity of the process. Batch adsorption study experiment was used to ascertain the effects of stirring time, temperature and dosage of the activated palm bunch on the lead and cadmium ions removal. These process conditions were optimized with central composite design of response surface methodology with the aid of a design expert (version 13). The response was removal efficiency while the suggested model was quadratic. The predicted removal efficiencies of the adsorbent for lead and cadmium ions are 89.234% and 73.318% respectively at 69.150mins, 345.155°C and 0.266g adsorbent dosage. This was validated by carrying out the metal removal at the suggested conditions to obtain actual adsorbent removal efficiencies of 87.82% and 72.51% for lead and cadmium respectively. Thus, activated oil palm bunch is economically viable and practically proven biomass waste for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Keywords: Industrial effluents, waste-water, contaminants, pharmaceutical effluents, Biomass.
Cite Article: " Isotherm modeling of the removal of lead and cadmium ions from pharmaceutical wastewater using oil palm empty fruit bunch", International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 2, page no.780-838, February-2023, Available :http://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRDTH00013.pdf
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ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publication Details: Published Paper ID:IJNRDTH00013
Registration ID: 186842
Published In: Volume 8 Issue 2, February-2023
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Page No: 780-838
Country: Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
Research Area: Engineering
Publisher : IJ Publication
Published Paper URL : https://www.ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRDTH00013
Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRDTH00013
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ISSN: 2456-4184
Impact Factor: 8.76 and ISSN APPROVED
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016

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