INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-4184 | Impact factor: 8.76 | ESTD Year: 2016
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.76 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
Chloroquine, and artemisinin reverse partly hemozoin-induced-M2 to M1-phonotype-cells in vitro. These M1-cells however, cannot significantly increase nitric oxide (NO)-production important for protecting severe-malaria-infection. An adjuvant malaria therapy might be needed to increase NO-production. The aim of this study was to determent whether water-extracted of Annona muricata-leaves (WAM) increased spleen-cells-NO-production of Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA)-Swiss-mice treated with Artemisinin-based-combination-therapy (ACT), an anti-malaria recommended by WHO. This study was continuing study of a post-test-only-randomized-control-group-design used 24 PbA-infected-female-Swiss-mice, divided into control-(K)-group without any intervention, and treatment-P1, P2 and P3-groups received WAM, ACT (Dihydroartemisinin Piperaquine; DHP) and WAM-ACT-combination, respectively. The spleen-cells obtained on day-7-PbA-infection were cultured. The NO-production was then measured in the cell-culture-supernatants using Griess-reagent. Parasitaemia-percentage was also evaluated. Statistical-analysis used was Kruskal-Wallis-test followed by Mann-Whitney-U-test. The NO-productions were significantly different among those four-groups (p<0.001). The highest-NO-production was found in the P1-group with the severe-PbA-infection. Those of P1-group was significantly higher than K-group. Meanwhile, the lowest were found in the P2 and P3-groups with the PbA-infection-recovery-phase, and those of P2 and P3-groups were not different. The conclusion is WAM-treatment increases the splenic-NO-production during severe-PbA-infection, and no longer increases the production in the recovery-phase of those treated with ACT.
Keywords:
Annona muricata, ACT, Nitric Oxide, P. berghei ANKA.
Cite Article:
"Annona muricata EFFECT toward NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION in SEVERE and ACT-TREATED-RECOVERY-PHASE of MALARIA", International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.7, Issue 11, page no.a383-a385, November-2022, Available :http://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2211040.pdf
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2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
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