INCORPORATION OF TRADE CREDIT AND PERMISSIBLE DELAY IN PAYMENT MECHANISMS REFLECTING THE COMMISSION-AGENT (ADATIYA) SYSTEM PREVALENT IN MARATHWADA'S APMC MARKETS

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Published ID: IJNRD2605849

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AVINASH DILIPRAO RAJEGORE, Dr.Kishor Y.Ingale

EOQ model; trade credit; permissible delay in payment; adatiya; APMC markets; Marathwada; deteriorating inventory; commission agent; agricultural marketing; soyabean.

Agricultural trade in Marathwada—a drought-prone region of Maharashtra, India—has long operated under the informal yet institutionally embedded adatiya (commission-agent) system within Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs). A defining feature of this system is the extension of trade credit to farmers and traders, allowing permissible delay in payment beyond the actual date of sale. The present study formalises this practice within an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) framework for deteriorating agricultural commodities, updated with data collected through December 2025. We incorporate a two-echelon credit structure where the adatiya (acting as supplier-agent) extends a delay period M to buyers (retailers/traders), who may in turn offer a shorter period N to end customers. Closed-form optimal expressions for cycle time T* and order quantity Q* are derived under two payment scenarios relative to the credit period. Field-surveyed data from eight major APMC markets in the Marathwada region—covering Latur, Nanded, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Dharashiv (Osmanabad), Beed, Parbhani, Hingoli, and Jalna districts—collected during 2024–25 (N = 174 commission agents; N = 238 wholesale buyers; N = 342 farmers) are used to calibrate the model. Soyabean prices at ₹580 per quintal (Kharif 2024–25), an annual demand of 1,350 quintals, and a credit period of 23 days characterise the updated base case for Latur APMC. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses reveal that extending credit by even 10 days reduces the retailer's annual inventory cost by approximately 7.4%, while deterioration and holding costs remain the most sensitive parameters. The study bridges a gap between classical inventory modelling and the ground reality of agrarian credit relations in rural Maharashtra, offering managerial and policy recommendations for APMC reform under the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2017.

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AVINASH DILIPRAO RAJEGORE & Dr.Kishor Y.Ingale (May-2026). INCORPORATION OF TRADE CREDIT AND PERMISSIBLE DELAY IN PAYMENT MECHANISMS REFLECTING THE COMMISSION-AGENT (ADATIYA) SYSTEM PREVALENT IN MARATHWADA'S APMC MARKETS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(5), i489-i502. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605849.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 5, May-2026

Pages : i489-i502

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_324185

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2605849

Research Area: Mathematics All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Nanded, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605849.pdf

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