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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-4184 | Impact factor: 8.76 | ESTD Year: 2016 Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.76 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI) |
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| Paper Title: | REMOVAL OF WATER HARDNESS USING A COMPOSITE OF SODIUM SULPHONATED POLYSTYRENE RESIN AND MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS POWDER |
| Authors Name: | S.M Mutyanda , D.NYAMA , A.Maringa |
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IJNRD_187530
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| Published Paper Id: | IJNRD2304286 |
| Published In: | Volume 8 Issue 4, April-2023 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Sodium Sulphonated Polystyrene Resin and Moringa Seed Powder were used to soften hard water. Polystyrene sulphonation was investigated across a range of periods, including 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours. At the 4-hour intervals, there was a significant amount of sulphonation (24.5%). At a 4 hour interval, the cation exchange capacity was 1.6 meq/g. At 4 hours, there was a significant degree of edema that was 411%. Through the use of experimental testing, the effects of adsorbent dose, pH, contact duration, metal ion concentrations, and temperature on adsorption effectiveness were investigated. The highest equilibrium absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by the adsorbent was 92.5% at the optimal pH of 7, contact period of 150 minutes, and temperature of 25oC 0.5 ±oC. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray powder diffraction were used to establish the composite's structural integrity (XRD). Several isotherm models were used to analyze equilibrium adsorption; the Freundlich isotherm with R2=0. 9712 was found to be the most favorable one. According to the Dubinin-Radushkrvich isotherm, which had an E value of 31.6 kJ/mol, the adsorption was verified to be caused by physisorption. Redlinch Peterson's B=0.4 result also provided support for the multilayer adsorption. Additionally, supporting multilayer adsorption was the Halsey isotherm, with R2 = 0.9596. R2=0.9406 revealed that the kinetic model was of the first order. The fact that the graph did not pass through the origin indicates that the intra particle diffusion and other kinetic processes were to blame. The reaction was endothermic because H=8.041KJ/mol, according to studies on thermodynamics.. The fact that H was less than 40 kJ/mol further reinforced the idea that the mechanism was physisorption. The results show an improvement in the level of freedom of adsorbed species. It shows that the proportion of adsorption rises with temperature. The fact that the Gibbs free energy is negative indicates that the adsorption process is thermodynamically possible, and the degree of spontaneous increase with temperature. Titration and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) techniques, respectively, revealed that the total water hardness before adsorption was 1080 mg/l and 1272 mg/l. Using the titration and FAAS methods, it was determined that the concentration after adsorption was 216 mg/l and 400 mg/l, respectively. This might reduce water hardness by 78% to 80%. The amount of total chlorides was determined to be 313.11 mg/l prior to adsorption and 0 mg/l following adsorption, suggesting that all chlorides were eliminated from the water. |
| Keywords: | Sodium, Sulphonated, Polystyrene resin, Ion exchange capacity |
| Cite Article: | "REMOVAL OF WATER HARDNESS USING A COMPOSITE OF SODIUM SULPHONATED POLYSTYRENE RESIN AND MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS POWDER", International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 4, page no.c652-c689, April-2023, Available :http://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2304286.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000118751 |
| ISSN: |
2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID:IJNRD2304286 Registration ID: 187530 Published In: Volume 8 Issue 4, April-2023 DOI (Digital Object Identifier): Page No: c652-c689 Country: -, -, - Research Area: Engineering Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2304286 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2304286 |
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