“A descriptive cross-sectional survey on public attitude towards nursing profession in India”.

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Paper Title:	“A descriptive cross-sectional survey on public attitude towards nursing profession in India”.
Authors Name:	Prachi Arya
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Author Reg. ID:	IJNRD_204199
Published Paper Id:	IJNRD2308325
Published In:	Volume 8 Issue 8, August-2023
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Abstract:	Research article “A descriptive cross-sectional survey on public attitude towards nursing profession in India”. Ms. Prachi arya PG Tutor Faculty of Nursing Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing. SGT University Gurugram, Haryana E-mail: prachiarya53@gmail.com  Received  Background: The future of nursing, which is regarded as a Nobel profession, depends on the student nurses who will manage it in the future. A key element in the profession's improved future is nursing students' perceptions of and attitudes towards their vocation.  Aim- To look at how nurses perceive themselves in public as well as other factors that influence how they form their personal and professional identities.  Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional survey on 127 samples through snowball sampling technique. The tool contains 8 demographic variables and 5-point Likert’s scale to assess the attitude of general public. Likert’s scale contains 10 items with maximum score of 10. The internal consistency of the tool was 0.731 and acceptable range was 0.65 to 0.75. The data collection was done by online media through mobile apps (WhatsApp). The data was collected in month may 2023. The recorded responses were coded and summarised.  Results:  The public's opinion towards the nursing profession was judged as being good based on the overall mean score (Mean, SD = 25.4 ± 19.64 )  . The interpretation of demographic variables Age, education and Any family member is a nursing officer has significant correlations (P= <0.05) associated with level of public attitude towards nursing profession. • Conclusion: Although the general public has a favourable attitude towards this profession, there are still some areas where they have a negative one, including the gender orientation of the nursing profession, the duty schedule, and the marital lives of nurses. People still believe that nursing is a female-oriented profession and that only women can practise it, that shift work puts female nurses in danger, and that doing nursing duty will affect marriage life. As a result, the general public needs more information.  Introduction- A Nobel-winning profession, nursing is autonomous and promotes collaborative care to the sick and healthy individuals of all ages, races, families, backgrounds, organisations communities, countries, and situations. People's health and illness prevention are the primary goals. The responsibility of caring for the sick, elderly, and crippled, promoting health education, conducting medical research, overseeing the health care system, and taking part in the development of health-related policies are some of the other tasks that people in the health sector fulfil. Students have a difficult time selecting nursing as a career, especially when there are so many possibilities. In order to choose a profession, a student needs to have a favourable attitude towards that profession. This attitude can be impacted by a variety of elements, including interest, values, background, standards, environmental circumstances, etc. The goal of this study is to gather information about public Nightingale and Henderson, who lived in the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively, were prominent forces for nursing across borders. In addition, the nursing field has evolved a wide range of educational programmes over the past few decades, leading to the creation of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral-level nursing degrees. Readers do not perceive nurses as educated, capable professionals who can save lives because even the most reputable news outlets criticise nursing (Summers & Summers 2009). An art and a science, nursing. A strong scientific foundation and technical proficiency are both necessary for nursing practise. An art and a science, nursing. A strong scientific foundation and technical proficiency are both necessary for nursing practise. In addition to constantly saving lives, nurses are crucial to ensuring the delivery of high-quality medical treatment. In hospitals and clinics, it's likely that many patients wouldn't get the high-quality care without nurses. The nurses spend more time giving care to patients than any other professional worker, nursing should be a more prestigious job. This is so that nursing staff may keep track of a patient's health state carefully and continuously during his or her stay in the hospital or clinic. Despite this, many individuals detest nurses or perceive the profession they perform as being behind them. The beliefs and prejudices about nurses that are persistent and untrue are an important factor contributing to this.  NEED OF THE STUDY The world's largest nursing training programme is in India, which also ranks among the top 5 nurse exporters. Since nurses make up more than 75% of the healthcare workforce in India, their involvement in healthcare delivery, including promotion, prevention, treatment, care, and rehabilitation, is essential to the efficient operation of the healthcare system. Despite playing a crucial role in healthcare, nurses are usually ignored and underappreciated. Not only is nursing the foundation of patient care, but it is also the crown on the head. Despite this fact, the public still has the misconception that all nurses are the same, that nursing doesn't require any formal education, that anybody may practise nursing, and that only women should engage in nursing. The general public also thinks that a nurse's job is to listen to the doctor's orders and obey them, that they should not use their own judgement when providing care for patients, and so forth. However, because nursing is both an art and a science, it needs suitable education and training. Nearly all nurses consciously picked nursing as a profession and through a demanding degree programme to get qualified. Although some nurses operate independently or have their own nurse practitioner practises, nurses do use scientific concepts when providing patient care, thus they are not totally reliant on a doctor's orders. Each nurse has unique abilities that are applied in various contexts. In a large hospital, nurses don't just "do it all." Every nurse has a certain position they are enthusiastic about. Additionally, nurses use their theoretical knowledge to diagnose illnesses earlier than doctors do. Every day, nurses diagnose patients, take part in operations, treat diseases, provide medication, and do a lot more. They also educate and do research. Most nurses are more skilled than doctors in performing some invasive procedures, and doctors also rely on nurses for several aspects of patient care. Nurses are just as crucial to the patient's care as physicians are. Along with these false notions, a tragically important myth regarding the effects of shift work also exists. The general public exaggerates the effects of night duty and thinks that female nurses are put at a disadvantage when this is untrue. Because of the intricate, highly skilled job that nurses must perform in a high-pressure setting where lives may be on the line, nursing may be a difficult profession at times. Values, attitudes, and beliefs are all extremely subjective topics that are frequently based on opinion rather than reality. The current perception of nursing as a career has made it a low-profile field and is further impeding its development. The level of expertise and financial influence that nurses possess appears to influence the public's perception of nursing. The public's perceptions of the nursing profession have a big impact on how nurses are seen both personally and publicly. Currently, women are more likely to choose to work and are willing to work shifts, and public awareness of the nursing profession and their role in patient care has also increased. If things had turned out differently, this might have changed the current public perception of the nursing profession. This object. This study was conducted to find out how the general population in India now feels about the nursing profession. The public's social perception of nursing must be changed in order to improve the social image of the nurse.  Tittle- “A descriptive cross-sectional survey on public attitude towards nursing profession in north India” • Key words- attitude, public feedback, nursing profession  Objectives of the study- • To assess general public attitude towards nursing profession. • To find out association between sociodemographic variables and level of attitude towards nursing profession.  Hypothesis of the study – • There will be a significant association between selected demographic variables and level of attitude of general public towards nursing profession.  Method of the study – A quantitative approach of a descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on 127 samples through snowball sampling technique by e-contacting mode. The tool was developed and validated with other nursing personnel’s suggestions and few general publics. The tool contains section-1, with 8 demographic variables such as age, gender, educational status, religion, occupation, presence of any family member as nurse and cared by nurse at any time in life. Section -2 has 5-point Likert’s scale to assess the attitude of general public. Likert’s scale contains 10 items with maximum score of 50. The internal consistency of the tool was 0.731 assessed by Cronbach alpha reliability test. Validity was obtained from experts and modifications were made as per suggestions. After obtaining consent from the participants the data was collected by e-contacting mode (WhatsApp) in the month of July 2023 . The recorded responses were coded and summarised.  TABLE 1. SCORE INTERPRETATION OF SCALE OVERALL SCORE POSITIVE STATEMENT NEGATIVE STATEMENT INTERPRETATION 41-50 5 1 Strongly agree 31-40 4 2 Agree 21-30 3 3 Neutral 11-20 2 4 Disagree 0-10 1 5 Strongly disagree  1: Demographic variables 1. Age in years chart 1.1. Shows that the majority of 53.5% patients were below 24 years, 40.2% belongs to 24 to 36 years and 5.3% belongs to other age group. 2. Sex 1.2 Shows that the majority of 75.6% were male and 24.4% were female in this study. 3. Religion chart 1.3 Shows that the majority of 82.76% were hindu and 17.3% were other in this study. 4. Marital status chart 1.4 shows that the majority of 84.3% were married and 15.7% were unmarried in this study. 5. Educational status chart 1.5 shows that the majority of 61.4% were graduated and 18.9% were post graduated or above and 15% were 10th to 12th standard in this study. 6. Occupation chart 1.6 shows that the majority of 40.9% were non-professional job, and 33.1% were unemployed, 11% were student and 9.4% were professional job holders,11% were student and 5.6% were other job holders in this study 7. Any member in family is a nursing officer. chart 1.7 shows that the majority of 74% have nursing officer in family and 26% have no nursing officer in family in this study. 8. Cares by nursing officers at any time in life at clinic/nursing homes/hospital chart 1.8 shows that the 68.5% were cared by nursing officer and 31.5% were not cared by nursing officer in this study.  2. Frequency distribution of responses to statements – 1. Nurses are the backbone of patient care chart 2.1 shows that the 78% were strongly agree, 20.5% agree, 0.75% disagree, strongly disagree. (nobal) profession. 2. Nursing is respectable (nobal) profession. 74%,24,0.8,0.8,0 chart 2.2 shows that the 74% were strongly agree, 24.4% agree, 0.8% neutral, 0.8% disagree. 3.Nursing are equally important for patient care like doctor’s and others. chart 2.3 shows that the 74% were strongly agree, 24.4% agree, 0.8% neutral, 0.8% disagree. 4. Nursing profession requires more tolerance. chart 2.4 shows that the 56.7% were strongly agree, 33.1% agree, 8.7% neutral, 1.5% strongly disagree. 5. Nursing profession has scope to work all around the world. chart 2.5 shows that the 62.2% were strongly agree, 33.1% agree, 4.2% neutral, 0.5% disagree. 6. Nursing profession has reasonable pay. chart 2.6 shows that the 18.9% were strongly agree, 36.6% agree, 12.6% neutral, 22.8% disagree, 7.1% strongly disagree. 7. Nursing officers are more approachable than other heath care team. chart 2.7 shows that the 43.3% were strongly agree, 42.5% agree, 11.8% neutral, 2.4% disagree. 8.Nursing is a female oriented profession. chart 2.8 shows that the 17.3% were strongly agree, 22% agree, 29.1% neutral, 26.8% disagree, 4,8% strongly disagree. 9. Practicing nursing affect social decision like marriage. chart 2.9 shows that the 12.6% were strongly agree, 12.6% agree, 11.8% neutral, 44.9% disagree, 18.1% strongly disagree. 10. Night duty in nursing profession risk the female nursing officer’s life. chart 2.10 shows that the 11.8% were strongly agree, 27.6% agree, 25.2% neutral, 29.9% disagree, 5.5% strongly disagree.  OBJECTIVE 1- To assess general public attitude towards nursing profession. Table 1. Percentage distribution, mean, median and SD of general public attitude towards nursing profession, N=127 SN. Score Range Interpretation Percentage Mean SD 1. 41-50 Strongly agree 46.614% 25.4 19.64281 2. 31-40 Agree 27.00% 3. 21-30 Neutral 9.685% 4. 11-20 Disagree 13.070% 5. 0-10 Strongly disagree 3.622%  OBJECTIVE 2- To associate the selected demographic variables with level of attitude of public towards nursing profession.  Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables associated with x2 and p value of demographic variables associated with level of attitude of public towards nursing profession, N= 127 Demographic variables Frequency Percentage Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree X2 P value 1. Age in years • Below24 years • 24-36 years • 36-48 year • Above 48 51 68 7 1 40.2% 53.5% 5.3% 1% 31 35 3 0 15 18 1 0 5 15 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 25.07 0.002 2. Sex • Male • Female 31 96 24.4% 75.6% 15 61 14 30 2 5 0 0 0 0 2.27 0.320 3. Religion • Hindu • Other 105 22 82.7% 17.32% 80 8 15 5 10 8 0 1 0 0 2.27 0.320 4. Marital status • Unmarried • Married 107 20 84.3% 15.7% 57 12 26 6 22 2 2 0 0 0 1.72 0.631 5. Education • Graduation • Post graduation • 10-12th standard • Other 78 24 19 6 61.4% 18.9% 15% 4.7% 30 18 8 2 28 4 6 1 18 2 3 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 27.04 0.007* 6. Occupation • Unemployed • Non-professional job • Professional job • Student • Other occupations 42 52 12 14 7 33.1% 40.9% 9.4% 11% 5.6% 22 35 7 5 3 13 13 3 3 2 5 2 2 4 1 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 13.69 0.320 7. Any member in family is a nursing officer • Yes • No 33 94 26% 74% 18 13 13 29 2 48 0 3 0 1 31.09 0.000* 8. Cares by nursing officers at any time in life at clinic/nursing homes/hospital • Yes • No 87 40 68.5% 31.5% 50 2 28 3 09 30 0 3 0 2 73.44 0 Table 2. The interpretation of demographic variables Age, education and Any family member is a nursing officer has significant correlations (P= <0.05*) associated with level of public attitude towards nursing profession.  Table 3. Frequency and percentage distribution of responses to each statement, N= 127 S.N Statement Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Total 1 Nurses are the backbone of patient care 99 26 0 1 1 127 2 Nursing is respectable (nobal) profession 94 31 1 1 0 127 3 Nursing are equally important for patient care like doctor’s and others. 94 31 1 1 0 127 4 Nursing profession requires more tolerance 94 31 1 1 0 127 5 Nursing profession has scope to work all around the world. 79 42 5 1 0 127 6 Nursing profession has reasonable pay. 24 49 16 29 9 127 7 Nursing officers are more approachable than other heath care team. 55 54 15 3 0 127 8 Nursing is a female oriented profession. 22 28 37 34 6 127 9 Practicing nursing affect social decision like marriage 16 16 15 57 23 127 10 Night duty in nursing profession risk the female nursing officer’s life 15 35 32 38 7 127 TOTAL 592 343 123 166 46 1270 Table 3. The majority of sample responses were characterised as strongly agreeing (592/2700), agreeing (343/2700), and neutral (123/2700) with the items pertaining to the nursing profession. Few (166/2700) and a very small number (46/2700) of people strongly disagreed with the remarks made.  Table 4. Score distribution of each statement, N= 127 S.N Statement Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree Total Mean (602/127=N) 1 Nurses are the backbone of patient care 495 104 0 2 1 602 4.740 2 Nursing is respectable (nobal) profession 470 124 3 2 0 599 4.716 3 Nursing are equally important for patient care like doctor’s and others. 470 124 3 2 0 1198 9.433 4 Nursing profession requires more tolerance 470 124 3 2 0 1198 9.433 5 Nursing profession has scope to work all around the world. 395 168 15 2 0 1179 9.283 6 Nursing profession has reasonable pay. 120 196 48 58 9 431 3.393 7 Nursing officers are more approachable than other heath care team. 275 216 45 6 0 542 4.267 8 Nursing is a female oriented profession. 112 112 111 68 6 951 7.488 9 Practicing nursing affect social decision like marriage 64 64 45 114 23 719 1.409 10 Night duty in nursing profession risk the female nursing officer’s life 140 140 96 76 7 769 6.055 TOTAL SCORE 3011 1372 369 332 46 8188 64.472 Table 3. Favourable interpretation: The mean score of 120.4 was interpreted to suggest that the general public has an extremely favourable view towards statement 1. According to the mean score of 86.2, the general population has a favourable view about statement 6. Additionally, the average score of 95.1 on statement 8 indicated that the people had a neutral view towards it. The public's opinion towards the nursing profession was judged as being good based on the overall mean score. Negative interpretation: Based on the mean scores of 71.9 and 76.9, it was concluded that the general population had an attitude of disagreement with statements 9 and 10. The public's opinion towards the nursing profession was judged as being good based on the overall mean score (Mean, SD = 25.4 ± 19.64 )  Discussion This study shows the public's opinion towards the nursing profession was judged as being good based on the overall mean score .  Conclusion The public still has an unfavourable opinion towards this profession in several areas, despite favourable attitudes. People are still unsure about the gender orientation of the nursing profession, nurses' work schedules, and their marital status. People continue to think that nursing is a career that is exclusively for women, that working shifts puts female nurses in danger, and that working shifts would ruin their marriages. In order for the general public to have an open, honest, and consistent attitude towards, there has to be more understanding about the nature, benefits, and scope of the nursing profession.  Limitations and Recommendations The study is limited to north India region with limited sample size 127 only. This study is only focused on public attitude towards nursing profession. It is recommended to conduct a large scale study all over India. A large scale study can be done to assess public attitude and knowledge regarding nursing profession as well.  Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics declarations ethics approval and consent to participate, have been obtained from participant.  References 1. Thomas R. A Study to Assess the Attitude of Public toward Nursing in Selected Community of District Patiala, Punjab, 2018:7 (3), 48-54. 2. Banerjee U. Nurses are backbone of a hospital, India is grappling with shortage. May 12, 2018 3. Goodrich K. 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Keywords:	NURSING,PUBLIC ATTITUDE
Cite Article:	" “A descriptive cross-sectional survey on public attitude towards nursing profession in India”.", International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 8, page no.d67-d81, August-2023, Available :http://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2308325.pdf
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Publication Details:	Published Paper ID:IJNRD2308325 Registration ID: 204199 Published In: Volume 8 Issue 8, August-2023 DOI (Digital Object Identifier): Page No: d67-d81 Country: haryana, haryana, India Research Area: Health Science Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2308325 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2308325
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