Abstract

The study titled “A Study on Federalism and Constitutional Issues in India” aims to explore the complex dynamics of federalism within the framework of the Indian Constitution examining both its historical evolution and contemporary challenges. The research is structured into six chapters. The Introduction includes the study’s objectives, scope, research methodology and review of relevant literature, framing of the research questions. The Historical Background chapter delves into the development of federalism in India tracing its evolution through constitutional provisions and highlighting key federal features of the Indian Constitution. It examines how federalism has shaped the political landscape and governance in India. The International Prospective of Federation chapter provides a comparative analysis of federal systems in various countries including the USA, Canada, Australia, Germany and Switzerland. This chapter assess the strengths and limitations of federal structures globally and draws insights for the Indian context. In Constitutional Provisions and Issues Faced by Indian Federalism, the study focuses on the constitutional framework supporting federalism in India, the challenges faced and the institutions that promote federalism. The chapter also reviews judicial interpretations and landmark cases that have influenced Indian federalism. The chapter on Issues Faced by Indian Constitution addresses broader constitutional challenges, analyzing the objectives of the Constitution and contemporary issues affecting its functionality. The final chapter, Conclusion, Findings and Suggestions, synthesizes the insights gained from the study and offers recommendations to strengthen federalism and address constitutional challenges in India.

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Federalism Issues and Constitutional Issues in India

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Cancer can be defined very broadly as disease in which there is uncontrolled multiplication and spreadwith in the body of abnormal forms of the body’s own cells. Strictly speaking ,one should use the term ‘neoplasm’ (mean ing a new growth) rather than the ‘cancer’.Neoplasms which have only the characteristic of localized growth are classified as ‘benign’.Neoplasms with the add itional characteristics of invasiveness and/or the capacity to metastasis are classified as ‘malignant’.The term cancer is usually applied only to this later types of growth.The word ‘tumour’ though in reality meaning ‘a local swelling’is also often use dinter changeably with cancer and will be soused now adays. According to the World Health Organisation estimates, cancer, which caused an unprecedented 9.6 million deaths in 2018 or one in six, and worldwide the second leading cause of mortality. The current treatment approaches of cancer include surgical operations, radiation induced therapy, chemotherapy, immune modulation therapy, targeted approaches, hormonal treatment, stem cell transplantation and precision medicine. Medicinal plants and their derivatives are widely accepted as effective alternative cancer therapies. A large number of clinical trials documented the effects of herbal medicinal products for cancer patients in conjunction with traditional therapeutics on recovery, immune modulation and quality of life. Ruellia is a genus of flowering plants commonly known as Ruellias or Wild Petunias which belongs to the family Acanthaceae. It contains about 250 genera and 2500 species. Most of these are shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. They are distributed in Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brazil, Central America and Pakistan. Some of these are used as medicinal plants. Many species of the genus has antinociceptive, antioxidant, analgesic, antispasmolytic, antiulcer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. The phytochemicals constituents: glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids have been found to be present in it. The genus has been traditionally claimed to be used for the treatment of flu, asthma, fever, bronchitis, high blood pressure, eczema, and diabetes. The objective of this research work was to understand the pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of this drug and to further find the gaps in research and endorse this genus as a step towards becoming a commercial drug. Hence, further work required is to isolate and characterize the active compounds responsible for these activities in this plant and bring this genus plants to commercial health market to serve the community with their potential benefits.

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phytochemical constituents, biological, Ruellia, Acanthaceae

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Today disposal of different wastes produced from different Industries is a great problem. These materials pose environmental pollution in the nearby locality because many of them are non-biodegradable, Crumb rubber is one of them. Soil, stone aggregate, sand, bitumen, cement etc. are used for road construction. Natural materials are limited in nature, its quantity is decreasing and cost is increasing. Concerned about this, we are looking for alternative materials for highway construction. Crumb rubber is a material produced by shredding and communicating used tires. This are biotic, disposal product due to which these materials pose to environmental pollution. These presents the laboratory characterization and the evaluation of field performances of gap graded mix of crumb rubber by weight of bitumen, added by a wet process. Acoustical field characterization has been performed by determining, at different speeds, sound levels and noise spectra measured in close proximity. Road profiles along the test sections and sound absorption of compacted sample cores also have been studied to analyze their relationship with the noise emitted. Results show that the use of a binder modified with a high content of crumb rubber reduces the noise emitted by the tire /pavement. As the first part of this study, we tried to measure the stability of crushed rubber crumb bitumen by performing basic tests such as penetration tests, ductility tests, softening point tests, viscosity tests, flash and flash point tests. bitumen ratio, best percent Marshall value i.e. Marshall stability value, Marshall flow value, voids in air, voids in aggregate and voids in asphalt, evaluation Determined by Marshall stability test as benchmark value for control and good asphalt concrete.

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Bituminous mixtures, Crumb rubber, Surface characteristics, Noise.

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Drowsiness in driving causes the major road accidents. Now a day’s drowsiness due to drunken driving is increasing. If driver is found to be drowsiness in eyes more than 5 secs, then the eye blink sensor senses the blink rate. If the eyes are found to be closed, then the speed of the car slows down, and stops. These sensors are interfaced with Arduino UNO, buzzer rings in case of drowsiness detection..

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Arduino UNO, Eyeblink sensor

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The complex relationship between the illegal arms trade and the Mexican cartel has a substantial impact on violence, organized crime, and law enforcement along the US-Mexico border. The illicit weapons trade worsens tensions, endangering public safety. The United States- Mexico border is witnessing unforeseen trade and exchange. If Mexico does not improve its security situation, it will remain a danger to both domestic and international communities and create more problems in its relationships with other countries. Weapons similar to those used by the military are being illegally imported in large quantities from the US civilian market to criminal groups in Mexico and several countries in Latin America. These weapons give transnational organizations the ability to fight violent battles for control over profitable criminal activities across the Western Hemisphere. These dangerous individuals engage in violent activities such as murder, kidnapping, and extortion, and are involved in illegal trades ranging from drug trafficking to human trafficking. The rise in drug trafficking in the United States is a consequence of two factors firstly, drug cartels as powerful drug cartels in Mexico have taken control of the drug trade, purchasing drugs from major producers in South America and distributing them in the U.S. secondly access to firearms, the disparity in gun control laws between Mexico and the U.S. has made it easier for Mexican criminals to acquire firearms. Unlike in the U.S., where civilians have access to guns, only the Mexican army is legally authorized to sell firearms. Criminals must therefore resort to illegal methods such as manufacturing, black market purchases, or trafficking from the United States to obtain weapons. Additionally, the smuggling of weapons across the US-Mexico border contributes to the illicit drug trade and is linked to organized crime activities. Mexico faces significant challenges due to the presence of criminal organizations that engage in various illegal activities. These networks drive demand for firearms, contributing to the high levels of violence in the country. The competition among transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) for control of lucrative smuggling routes perpetuates high crime and violence rates. TCOs rely on weapons, ammunition, and explosives to maintain their dominance over trafficking routes, drug production facilities, territories, and illegal profits. To effectively address the challenges of arms trafficking, a multifaceted response from law enforcement is essential. This research aims to provide an in-depth examination of the illicit activities of illegal entry and weapons smuggling occurring along the United States-Mexico border.

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Mexican cartel, Illicit weapons, US-Mexico border, transnational criminal organisations

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A pre-experimental study was undertaken “A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected aspects of home care management among post-operative valve replacement clients at selected hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana.” The study was conducted by Ms. T. Janet Shushunova, at Eashwari Bai Memorial College of Nursing, Secunderabad, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of M.Sc Nursing, Dr. NTR University of Health Sciences, Gunadala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.

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“A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding selected aspects of home care management among post-operative valve replacement clients at selected hospital, Secunderabad, Telangana.”

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Abstract

Old age is not synonymous with ill health. Each human life has victory, happiness, and joyful events, but unfortunately failures, troubles, distress, and sorrows, these are all parts of the life events; therefore aging is also a part in life which we cannot change. The concept of ageing is more than a series of biological changes. The elderly are a precious asset for any country with rich experience and wisdom; they contribute their might for sustenance and progress of the nation1. It is generally accepted to call an individual over the age of 65 years as an elderly. The elderly age group can be divided into younger elderly people between 65-74 years of age, middle elderly people between 75-84 years of age and old elderly people over the age of 85 years2. October 1st is celebrated as the International Day for the Elderly people each year, which was first established on 14th of December in the year 1990 by the United Nations General Assembly. It was celebrated for the first time on October 1st in the year 1991 to make the people aware about issues which affects the elders3. The burden of chronic disease in India is high, with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly, since the prevalence of chronic disease rises with age. It is known that chronic disease is preventable, with 80% of premature heart disease, stroke and diabetes being amenable to prevention .With early detection, treatment and support, the burden of chronic disease can be reduced.4 Chronic diseases and increased mortality are often cited as the hallmark of old age. There is a long-standing belief that aging and diseases are inseparable. However, studies have revealed that aging is inevitable, but diseases are not. Nevertheless, a correlation has been observed between age and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Older people are often referred to as ‘seniors’ or ‘elderly’ in an attempt to soften the impact of the prejudice that exists towards them. Although growing old is an integral part of the human life span, old people are often discriminated against, often by their own family. This could be because they are physically weak and need looking after. These changes, whether physical or mental, may become a burden on the family. As an extreme manifestation, this discrimination against the elderly can lead to neglect and isolation and it is not uncommon for them to be totally abandoned5. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports NCD to be by far leading cause of death in the world, representing over 60% of old deaths, out of the 36 million people who died from NCDs in 2005 half were under age 70 and half were women. Of the 57 million global deaths in 2008, 36 million were such incidence. Then is approximately 63% of total death worldwide risk factors such as person’s background, life style and environment are known to increases the likely hood of certain NCDs. Every yearly at least 5 million people die because of tobacco use. About 2.8 million die from overweight high cholesterol accounts for roughly 2.6 million die because of high blood pressure6. An analysis of morbidity patterns by age clearly indicates that the elderly experience a greater burden of ailments compared to other age groups, across genders and residential locations. The Indian elderly are more likely to suffer from chronic than acute illness. There is a rise in NCDs, particularly cardiovascular, metabolic, and degenerative disorders, as well as communicable diseases while cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among the elderly7. According to Geriatric Health in India: Concerns and solutions it is shown that among the population over 60 years of age, 10% suffer from impaired physical mobility and 10% are hospitalized at any given time, both proportions rising with increasing age. In the population over 70 years of age, more than 50% suffer from one or more chronic conditions .The chronic illnesses usually include hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cancer. Respiratory disorders account for 10% mortality while infections including tuberculosis account for another 10%. Neoplasm accounts for 6% and accidents, poisoning, and violence constitute less than 4% of elderly mortality with more or less similar rates for nutritional, metabolic, gastrointestinal and genitourinary infections8.

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Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, and its subset, septic shock (with higher mortality and morbidity), are major health problems disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Despite the potentially high burden in low- and middle-income settings, data on prevalence and factors contributing for the development of sepsis and septic shock remains scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of sepsis and septic shock, along with associated factors, in patients admitted to the central intensive care unit (ICU) of Adama Hospital Medical College Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on 298 patients admitted to the ICU. Data were collected from the patients' medical records using a checklist created by the investigator. Coded data were entered into Epi Info 7.2.5.0, transferred to Microsoft Excel, and analysed using SPSS version 25. A binary logistic regression model was employed to identify factors contributing to sepsis and septic shock. Results: Among the 298 patients, 142 (47.7%) had sepsis, and 55 (38.7% of septic patients, 18.5% of total) developed septic shock. Pneumonia was the most common site of infection (53.9% of sepsis cases). Multivariate analysis revealed that being on mechanical ventilation (AOR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.12-7.63), higher white blood cell count (AOR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.14-2.60), lower sodium (AOR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87-0.96), and higher chloride levels (AOR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04-1.18) were significantly associated with sepsis. Pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections were associated with higher odds of sepsis (AOR 18.7, 95% CI: 6.1-56.0 and AOR 16.0, 95% CI: 4.36-61.6, respectively). Male gender (AOR 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07-0.46), mSOFA score (AOR 3.25, 95% CI: 2.04-5.17), and lower lymphocyte count (AOR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.99) were associated with septic shock. Both sepsis and septic shock showed an association with low platelet count (AOR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-0.990 and AOR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, respectively). Conclusion: This study found a higher prevalence of sepsis and septic shock compared to highincome countries, but comparable to most LMICs. Notably, the affected population was relatively younger.

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Sepsis, Septic Shock, Prevalence, Associated Factors, ICU, LMICs

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Abstract This study sought to assess the implementation fidelity of the Youth Entrepreneurship Program of the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI-YEP) in Baguio City. The researcher utilized the descriptive survey and correlation procedures with the survey questionnaires as the main data-gathering instrument. The sources of data were fifteen (15) mentee graduates from the first class in 2022 and the second cohort in 2023 and another thirty (30) who are currently mentees of the program. Appropriate statistical treatment such as Percentage, Weighted Mean, and Chi–square Test and Cross Tabulation was used to analyze the data. This study investigated the profile of the mentees, status of implementation fidelity of the DTI-YEP, the significant relationship of implementation fidelity when grouped according to demographic factors, level of effectiveness of implementation fidelity and problems encountered. Based on the findings, the mentees’ perceived implementation fidelity of the DTI-YEP as Fully Implemented which means that all program areas were extensive, and objectives were all met. Based on the statistical data, there is no significant relationship between demographic factors and level of implementation fidelity of the DTI-YEP. All mentees utilized the same modules for subject identification. Regarding the knowledge and training experience that each mentee will acquire, they are all equal. The mentees’ perceived level of effectiveness of implementation fidelity of the DTI-YEP as Strongly Agree. The problems encountered was Not a serious problem. This means that the problem is not on the transfer of knowledge by the mentors but on the entrepreneurial intentions of the mentee. As for the recommendation, the Implementation Fidelity Framework approach may be used by the DTI-YEP for appropriate program monitoring and evaluation. Given that young people are clearly interested in the entrepreneurship program, recruitment efforts should be stepped up to include a greater number of entrepreneurial-driven individuals. The DTI-YEP continue to invite for academic partners to provide the mentees with outcome-based knowledge of the theories and ideas. It is important to use ongoing observation and assessment of how entrepreneurial skills are applied to real-world business operations. The researcher recommends the sustainability plan to maintain and enhance the existing entrepreneurship program of DTI-YEP.

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entrepreneurship, implementation fidelity, young Filipino entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship program

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A new, simple, accurate and specific RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in combined solid dosage form. The chromatogram was run through Kromasil C18 250x4.6mm, 5 column. Mobile phase containing a buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA. Temperature of system was maintained at 30°C. The optimized wavelength for Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was 272.0 nm. Retention time of Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were found to be 2.314 min, 4.616 min and 3.196 min. % RSD of system precision for Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were found to be 1.0, 0.9 and 1.0 respectively. % RSD of method precision for Lamivudine, Doravirine Tenofovir were found to be 0.5, 0.7 and 0.5 respectively. % Recovery was obtained as 99.57%, 99.89% and 99.74% for Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate respectively. LOD values obtained from regression equations of Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were 0.27 ppm, 0.09 ppm and 0.18 ppm, and LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Lamivudine, Doravirine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were 0.82ppm, 0.28 ppm and 0.54ppm respectively. Regression equation of Lamivudine was y = 14959x + 1184, Doravirine was y = 28129x + 2766 and of Tenofovir was y = 17361x + 6030.

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Key Words: Lamivudine, Doravirine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, RP-HPLC, method development, validation.

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Introduction: Drug Utilization studies is the strongest tool for promoting rational use of drugs in the society. Drug utilization studies help to update clinical medicine. The mortality and morbidity rate are high in COPD patients. In this field there is lack of Drug utilization study. In this study we made an attempt to assess the current prescribing pattern with the WHO prescribing indicators to check whether the prescription pattern followed WHO guidelines and also, we assessed the possible drug-drug interactions in drugs used in the COPD treatment. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of 300 patients who was admitted in general medicine and pulmonary department was done over a period of 6 months, we recorded the cases from 2016 January to 2020 September and those who met the inclusion criteria. The study was carried out at Sagar Hospital, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru. Drug-Drug interactions were analysed using Lexicomp software. The prescription was analysed using descriptive statistics and the results were expressed in percentage. Results: Out of 300 patients, 102 (34 %) were female and 198 (66%) were found to be male. Majority of patients (42.3%) were above the age of 70 and the least (2.3 %) was found to be below the age of 40. The majority of patients (31%) had only one comorbid condition. Total number of COPD drugs prescribed was found to be 1554. Most frequently used class of drug was short acting beta 2 agonist (90.3%), followed by inhaled corticosteroids (87%), antibiotics (85.6%), short acting muscarinic antagonist (74.6%). Most of the drugs were prescribed by brand name and only 5.4% were prescribed by generic name. The percentage of drugs prescribed from WHO EDL was 49.4%. We found out a total number of 135 drug-drug interactions, in that 59% was found to be Pharmacodynamic interactions and 41 % to be Pharmacokinetic interactions. The severity assessment of DDIs in our study showed that most of interactions were moderate 117(86.6%) followed by major 15(11.2%) and minor 3(2.2%) interactions. Conclusions: This study concludes that prescribing patterns did not follow WHO core prescribing indicators with polypharmacy being common, the concept of generic name prescribing was negligible and reduced prescription from WHO-EDL. Before prescribing medicines, using computer-assisted drug interaction software can help us discover these potential drug-drug interactions, which can assist us to detect and prevent DDI.

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Drug utilisation Pattern, COPD, Drug-drug interactions.

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Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, with India bearing the highest burden globally. Despite TB control programs, cases, including Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB), continue to rise. Objective: This study aims to assess the social determinants and comorbidities of TB patients in the Ernakulam General Hospital TB Unit. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 TB patients attending the outpatient department. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires. Results: The study revealed significant associations between social determinants and TB incidence. Notably, a high prevalence of smoking (74.5%) and alcohol consumption (31.0%) was observed, aligning with similar studies. Comorbidities like diabetes, COPD, and HIV were prevalent among the patients. Conclusion: The success of TB treatment hinges on addressing social and economic issues and comorbidities. Health workers must focus on improving patients' quality of life alongside TB treatment to ensure comprehensive health outcomes.

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The abstract is that it focuses on suicide ideation in youth, highlighting the increasing concern regarding suicide and depression among young individuals. It discusses the need for a better understanding of the complex nature of resilience, especially in the context of Indigenous cultures that have unique perspectives on resilience. The document also touches upon the role of personality, mental health, social support, and gratitude in posttraumatic stress and growth following traumatic events like campus shootings. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of connectedness and social support in suicide prevention among adolescents. The abstract suggests that further research is needed to comprehensively address the issue of suicide ideation in youth and to develop effective prevention strategies.

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Suicidal ideation

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The "Early Detection of Internal Cracks in Reinforced Concrete with Silica Fume by Using Sensors" project addresses a critical aspect of infrastructure sustainability and safety. Concrete, a fundamental construction material, is susceptible to internal cracking, which can compromise the structural integrity and lead to costly repairs or, in extreme cases, structural failure. Silica fume, a supplementary cementitious material, is commonly used to enhance the strength and durability of concrete. This project aims to leverage the power of sensor technology to detect and monitor the formation of internal cracks in reinforced concrete structures where silica fume is incorporated. By developing and implementing a sensor-based system, the project seeks to provide early and accurate insights into the initiation and propagation of these hidden cracks, enabling proactive maintenance and repair measures. This not only extends the service life of the concrete but also enhances safety and reduces maintenance costs. The research will involve the selection and installation of appropriate sensors capable of monitoring the key factors contributing to internal cracking, such as strain and stress. Additionally, data analysis and interpretation will play a pivotal role in identifying the most effective strategies for mitigating potential damage. The outcomes of this project have the potential to revolutionize the field of concrete technology by promoting proactive maintenance and ensuring the long-term sustainability of critical infrastructure, contributing to safer and more reliable structures. This research represents a significant step toward addressing a longstanding challenge in civil engineering, one that is increasingly important in the context of the aging global infrastructure and the imperative for sustainable, resilient, and safe construction practices.

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EARLY DEDUCTION OF INTERNAL CRACKS OF REINFORECED CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME BY USING SENSORS

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Psychosocial factors are characteristics that influence individuals psychologically and/or socially. Psychosocial factors that influence individuals are such as self-esteem, self-concept, emotional maturity, depression, anxiety and stress. These factors can describe individuals in relation to their environment and how these affect their physical and mental health. Psychosocial factors play a role in behaviour change. There is a relationship between psychosocial factors and health risk behaviour. Cosmetics such as lipstick or powder applied to the face, used to enhance or alter the appearance. In the makeup, so many products such as primer, moisture, colour corrector, concealer, foundation, transfusion powder, compact, eye products, lipsticks and fixer to enhance bride/groom beauty and make them look special on their marriage day. In the modern world, makeup is all about to influence self-image or self-esteem, which can serve as a symbol of wealth and social class status. Makeup helps to develop personality and enhance self-esteem of brides/grooms. The aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in the management of psychosocial factors among brides and grooms. Psychosocial factors such as self-esteem, self-concept, depression, anxiety and stress impair marital happiness, family and occupational life among brides/ and rooms. Once it is identified at an early stage, brides and grooms can be helped in enhancing self-esteem, self-concept and emotional maturity through intervention and manage effectively depression, anxiety and stress. The objective of the study is to find out the psychosocial factors that influence brides and grooms psychologically and to find out the gender differences, if any, among brides and grooms, in the management of psychosocial factors after intervention. Self-esteem Inventory to assess the level of self-esteem among brides/grooms. Self-concept Questionnaire to find out the level of self-concept among brides and grooms. Emotional Maturity Scales assesses the level of emotions and feelings among brides and grooms. DASS-21 to find out the level of depression, anxiety and stress among brides and grooms. 120 brides and grooms, low on self-esteem self-concept and emotional maturity are allotted randomly to 3 control and experimental groups. They are exposed to cognitive behaviour therapy.at Kavins Beauty School, Hosur, separately Similarly, 120 experimental brides and grooms high on depression, anxiety and stress are exposed to cognitive behaviour therapy. The results show that there is a significant difference (p>.0001) existing in the performance. The experimental group is faster (p>.0001) than the control group in enhancing self-esteem, self-concept and emotional maturity through intervention. The experimental group is faster (p>.0001) than the control group in the management of depression, anxiety and stress after intervention. Experimental brides are faster (p>.0001) than the grooms in enhancing self-esteem, self-concept and emotional maturity after intervention. Similarly, experimental brides are faster (p>.0001) than the control grooms in the management of depression, anxiety and stress after intervention. Cognitive behaviour therapy is less time-consuming, more economical and one of the best techniques in the management of psychosocial factors, promoting psychological wellbeing among brides and grooms.

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Psychosocial factors, self-esteem, self-concept, emotional maturity, depression anxiety and stress, brides and grooms, control and experimental group, cognitive behaviour therapy

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TITLE : A STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY WITH NEONATAL SEPSIS IN PREMATURE INFANTS NAME: DR.RAJAT VILAS NAGARGOJE INSTITUTE: MGM MEDICAL, NAVI MUMBAI DEPARTMENT: PAEDIATRICS DESIGNATION: JUNIOR RESIDENT EMAIL: rajat11.rn@gmail.com MOB NO: 7977174921 AUTHORS: DR.RAJAT VILAS NAGARGOJE, DR.VIJAY KAMALE ABSTRACT WORD COUNT: 250 INTRODUCTION: ROP is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disorder that can cause severe visual handicap. Risk factors include prolonged or labile oxygen exposure and increased illness severity. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To observe the association between ROP and sepsis (both early and late onset) in premature neonates. MATERIAL & METHODS: We included hospital-based data from the NICU of MGM hospital, of months July – August 2023. RESULT: Of 162 premature newborns delivered during two months of study duration, 32 neonates were screened for ROP according to national standard guidelines of which 23 infants were diagnosed with some stage of ROP. Total of 8 infants were tested positive for sepsis screen during the NICU stay during these 2 months, which included 2 infants having early onset sepsis and remaining 6 infants affected with late onset sepsis. 6 of the 8 infants presented with some stage of ROP (i.e. 75% of septic infants) at the time of 1 st screening. Rest 17 infants were not affected with any form of sepsis until the 1 st screening for ROP. Our analysis showed that sepsis was closely related to any stage of ROP (OR = 1.58, 95% CI being 1.06 to 2.33) in premature infants. CONCLUSION: Sepsis increases the risk of ROP in premature infants. But considering that our study was observational and causality can rarely be established.

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The Constitution prescribes the rights and duties of the citizens, defines the powers of government, and sets the standards by which the people in a given nation and indeed the international community can judge the performance of government. Many Commonwealth African Countries, including Nigeria and Ghana, commenced their national lives as newly independent states with the Westminster model constitutions gifted to them by the British colonial masters , hence they were not initially deeply rooted in constitutionalism. These Westminster model constitutions that were exported to Commonwealth African countries like Nigeria and Ghana were not autochthonous and almost immediately after independence, they jettisoned these Constitutions and adopted new ones to reflect their sovereignty.

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Constitution, Government, judicial, commonwealth

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Prayagraj, a city rich in cultural and historical heritage, hosts the Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious congregation. This research paper delves into the economic impact of the Kumbh Mela on Prayagraj's local economy, emphasizing revenue generation, employment creation, and the growth of local businesses. Through this paper, we aim to comprehensively analyze how the influx of millions of visitors influences local economic activities, stimulates job creation, and fosters the prosperity of local vendors and businesses.

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Prayagraj, kumbh mela, local economy

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This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of floating gastroretentive microspheres containing the antiviral agent acyclovir. The aim is to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of acyclovir by prolonging its gastric residence time. Microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation method, employing different polymers such as ethyl cellulose, and carbopol 934P to achieve sustained release and buoyancy.Various formulations were developed by altering the polymer concentration and drug-to-polymer ratios. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for particle size, surface morphology, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, in vitro buoyancy, and in vitro drug release. Particle size analysis indicated that the microspheres were in the range of 150-300 micrometers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the microspheres were spherical with a smooth surface.The drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres ranged from 60% to 85%, and the buoyancy tests demonstrated that more than 75% of the microspheres remained floating for over 12 hours. In vitro drug release studies were conducted in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) using a USP type II dissolution apparatus. The results showed a sustained release of acyclovir from the microspheres, with drug release extending up to 12 hours, depending on the formulation. The optimized formulation, which contained HPMC as the primary polymer, exhibited a desirable balance between buoyancy and sustained release, with an entrapment efficiency of 82% and 88% of the microspheres remaining buoyant for 12 hours. The release kinetics followed a Non-fiction diffusion model, indicating that drug release was controlled by both diffusion and polymer erosion. In conclusion, the floating gastroretentive microspheres of acyclovir formulated in this study showed promising potential for enhancing the bioavailability and sustained delivery of the drug, thereby potentially improving its therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of viral infections. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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Acyclovir, Drug delivery system, HPMC, Gastroretentive dosage forms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review paper, titled "Unveiling the Depths: A Pioneering Review of Deep Learning Models and Holistic Project Implementations," aims to provide an extensive exploration of deep learning models and their diverse applications. Over the past decade, deep learning has emerged as a pivotal area within artificial intelligence, driving significant advancements across various domains such as computer vision, natural language processing, healthcare, and autonomous systems. This paper meticulously reviews the historical evolution, fundamental concepts, state-of- the-art models, and cutting-edge methodologies in deep learning. It also presents a holistic view of real-world project implementations, highlighting key findings and contributions that have shaped the current landscape of deep learning. The scope of this paper encompasses an in-depth analysis of various deep learning models, including feedforward neural networks (FNNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Each model's architecture, unique features, and practical applications are thoroughly examined. The paper also delves into hybrid models and novel architectures that represent the forefront of deep learning research. Key findings of this review underscore the transformative impact of deep learning across multiple sectors. Notably, CNNs have revolutionized image processing tasks, enabling breakthroughs in object detection, image classification, and medical imaging. RNNs and LSTMs have demonstrated remarkable success in sequence modeling, with significant applications in speech recognition and natural language understanding. GANs have introduced new paradigms in generative modeling, fostering innovations in image synthesis and data augmentation. Transformer models have set new benchmarks in natural language processing, particularly in tasks such as language translation and text generation. The methodologies discussed in this paper cover a wide spectrum of techniques essential for developing robust and efficient deep learning models. Data preprocessing and augmentation techniques are explored to highlight their role in enhancing model performance. Hyperparameter tuning and model optimization strategies are examined, emphasizing their importance in achieving optimal model accuracy. The paper also discusses transfer learning and fine-tuning, which have become crucial for leveraging pre-trained models to solve specific tasks with limited data. Model evaluation and validation metrics are reviewed to provide insights into assessing model performance effectively. Several major projects are reviewed to illustrate the practical implementation of deep learning models. In computer vision, projects such as self-driving cars and facial recognition systems are examined, showcasing the real-world applications of CNNs and hybrid models. In natural language processing, projects like machine translation and sentiment analysis are discussed, highlighting the effectiveness of transformer models. The healthcare sector is explored through projects involving medical image analysis and predictive modeling for disease diagnosis, demonstrating the profound impact of deep learning in improving healthcare outcomes. Autonomous systems and robotics projects are reviewed, including advancements in robotic vision and control systems. In conclusion, this review paper provides a comprehensive overview of deep learning models and their holistic implementations, offering valuable insights into the current state and future trends of deep learning. By synthesizing key findings, methodologies, and major projects, this paper serves as a foundational resource for researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts seeking to understand and contribute to the ever-evolving field of deep learning.

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Deep learning, artificial intelligence, computer vision, natural language processing, healthcare, autonomous systems, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, generative adversarial networks, transformer models

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT “Science is Global. Einstein’s equation, E = mc2, should reach everywhere. Science is a beautiful gift to humanity, we should not distort it. Science does not differentiate between multiple races.” - APJ Abdul Kalam The problem under study is stated as: “STUDY OF ICT BASED LABORATORY APPROACH FOR TEACHING LEARNING OF SCIENCE FOR QUALITY EDUCATION AT SECONDARY LEVEL”. In today’s time, student and his learning has been the most important goal of education system of any country on this globe. Various approaches have been used till now and are being implemented in every school but still the effects are certainly not that better. Laboratory approach approach has been in terms of talk since 20th century, still we see devastating difference in the results every year. My topic basically emphasis on making the learning material ICT based laboratory approach as ICT and AI are the future of India in every field. Children have to be made equipped with the knowledge of ICT to make their learning more conducive, retentive and better results and learning oriented. Major use of ICT and ICT based laboratory approach was witnessed using online classes due to Corona outbreak, and majorly if streamlined and planned well, can bring remarkable difference in the teaching learning system specially in the subjects like Science and Math as it needs rigorous practical work. Though, this research has been done for secondary school students of sample size 120, researcher feels that the same approach can be introduced at elementary level or initial secondary stages so to bring fruitful results and provide students with experiential and heuristic learning leading to holistic development of the child. Keeping the present scenario and progressive growth of ICT, it has been realized that quality education may be imparted through ICT based laboratory approach. Keeping this view and to ensure the effectiveness of ICT, it is desirable to find out the effectiveness of ICT based laboratory approach for quality education in Science as ICT is playing a very important role in science teaching-learning process. The researcher having a science background feels that an attempt needs to be made through a study for enhancing the quality education in science using ICT based laboratory approach to keep children well versed with the practicability of the topic and can perform more activities by themselves. Virtual labs were introduced with the students in the present research and various ICT based laboratory activities were used to teach and facilities students with the natural and scientific phenomena. AI applications for laboratory work like – Praxilabs, Javaapplet, Amrita labs were used in the teaching learning material. With ICT based laboratory approach, all the experiments will come alive and more demonstrative with visual effects which certainly will enhance the knowledge gaining of the students and making them more equipped with the experiments. Present study is concerned with the development and implementation of learner centered and laboratory teaching programme which can produce benefits viz, achievement and scientific attitude among students. Also in this study, investigator will find the effect of the ICT based teaching - learning programme on student’s achievement and development of scientific attitude needed for quality education in Science. Teacher is confined with only chalk & duster but on the other side has failed to make the subject interesting & innovating. We can bring a change and innovation in the classroom teaching in future. Science has given us many teaching aids & now time has come to present the real interactive and interesting environment in the classroom. This can only be possible when the teachers who are undergoing training at various educational colleges are made aware of use of ICT and various teaching aids leading to quality education. Pandemic situation has brought in lot of changes, thus, it is desirable to explore on ICT based and laboratory learner centered approach which can be/is used for effective teaching learning process.

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ICT, ICT BASED LABORATORY APPROACH, QUALITY EDUCATION

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This paper is based on a study drawing information from the concept of health and nutrition of rickshaw pullers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study on rickshaw puller has been conducted on 200 rickshaw pullers of Dhaka city to anatomize their concept on health and nutrition. They’re from different areas like- Dhanmondi, Badda, Uttara, Mohammadpur, Bashabo- participated in the survey. 94% of Dhaka's rickshaw-pullers reported that they’re going through so many complications such as health complication, income complications etc. They work hard, but their living, nutritional and living conditions are dreadful. Daily dietary nutrient intakes consumption of foods by food group was estimated using 24-h dietary recall method. Besides pulling a rickshaw, it represents more income than is available within the village, as urban rickshaw pullers come from a negative persistent poverty. Data were collected from randomly selected 200 rickshaw pullers using quantitive method. The other data were collected from journal paper, articles, thesis paper, daily newspapers etc.

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Health, Nutrition, Rickshaw Pullers, Income, Knowledge, Food, Poor, Malnutrition, Illiteracy

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The importance of this research does not need to be emphasised. Essentially, this study aims to create awareness of the significance of implementing supply chain practices within government departments and public institutions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the best practices for the supply chain within Botswanan state-owned enterprises is critical. The research reviewed the literature on supply chain implementation in Botswana and other studies on SCMBP worldwide. Consequently, the research results revealed that practices are in place, although their performance varies from one organisation to another, as evident in the literature. However, SCMBPs are recognised as part of organisational policy implementation. However, this work only offers very little insight into other available sources that can assist in the supply chain that affects organisations' growth in terms of service production. For example, a team can avoid losses with the right implementation of SCMBPs. Despite this limitation, the empirical assessment of 299 employees determined the application and role of the SCMBP policy in Botswanan state-owned enterprises, with trained employees from Botswana – most with more than five years of professional experience. The analysis showed that SCMBPs contribute to company profits and goals, where CRM, IS, SSRM, IQ, and IL practices successfully improve public sector performance, target achievement, effective service delivery, performance, and customer service. However, this research has a narrow scope due to limited resources. With that in mind, further studies in this area need to explore further or improve the current knowledge of SCMBP in the Botswanan industry.

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Customer Satisfaction; Organisational Performance; Implementation; Practices; Public Sector; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management Best Practices; State-owned Enterprise.

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Niosomes are vesicular nanocarriers, biodegradable, relatively non-toxic, stable, and inexpensive, that provide an alternative for lipid-solid carriers, niosomes similar to liposomes, can tackle challenges associated with instability, rapid degradation, bioavailability, and insolubility of various drugs or natural compounds. Niosomes are highly efficient systems for the targeted delivery of anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. This review aims to provide an overview of their composition, the most common formulation techniques, and recent applications as delivery systems in cancer therapy. Cancer remains a major health concern worldwide, and the need for effective treatment options is crucial. Drug delivery systems, such as niosomes, have shown promise in improving cancer treatment outcomes by enhancing drug delivery efficiency. This review explores the role of niosomes in cancer treatment and how they can improve outcomes through efficient drug delivery. The method, results, Discussion, and conclusion will be discussed in detail Recently, nanotechnology is involved in various feilds of science, of which medicine is one of the most obvious. Nanoparticles have revolutionized the field of disease treatment and diagnosis, offering novel therapeutic strategies with efficient mechanisms of action. Personalized medicine aims to minimize treatment side effects and provide targeted therapies. Therefore, targeted drug delivery is crucial, particularly for patients on combination therapies, as different drug structures often require distinct delivery systems to maintain efficacy. Niosomes, a type of polymeric nanoparticle, have shown promise in drug delivery due to their favorable characteristics. These include biocompatibility, high absorption, reduced drug dosage requirements, and the ability to target drug release. Moreover, Niosome vesicles can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhancing the versatility and effectiveness of treatment. Various factors, such as components, preparation methods, and optimization techniques, affect the size and formation of niosomal structures. In this review, we first examined the characteristics of niosome vesicles and then explained the in silico tools used for designing, predicting, and optimizing them. We also compared and discussed anticancer drugs delivered by niosomes, highlighting their potential as a model for designing therapeutic strategies. This research aimed to explore all aspects of drug delivery engineering using niosomes, and we presented clinical examples of these nanocarriers in cancer treatment to illustrate their clinical benefits.

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Keywords: Cancer, Niosomes, Structure, Drug delivery, Treatment outcomes, Nanocarrier, Formulation techniques; Cancer therapy; Delivery systems.

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In the Apparel industry it is very important to learn the culture to retain the employee. The culture in the Apparel industry is of the real importance that leaders do is to create and manage. This study elaborates the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance in the garment industry. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of organizational culture on organizational performance in order to know that how culture of an organization assist in enhancing the organizational performance Organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs and customs, written and unwritten rules that have been developed. In this analysis the culture of the garment industry is studied and the findings indicate that all the dimension of the culture influence the different perspective of organizational performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Organizational culture, organizational performance, garment industries, garment industry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Undoubtedly, infrastructure and teaching-learning materials are the backbone of formal education. Ghana free education policy has led to huge increment in student’s enrollment. Managing large students’ numbers required supply of additional infrastructure and teaching-learning materials to schools. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of Ghana’s free educational policy on infrastructure and teaching-learning materials in public senior high schools in Tamale Metropolis. The study formulated four objectives: to examine the availability of infrastructure; to examine the availability of teaching-learning materials; to identify the challenges; to investigate the effect of Ghana’s free educational policy on infrastructure and learning materials in public senior high schools. The study used the mixed method and data was collected using pre-tested questionnaire and observation. This study found the available infrastructure in senior high schools to include classrooms; teachers’ quarters; dormitories for boys and girls; assembly halls; dining halls; kitchens, classroom doors and windows; hand-washing stations; water storage systems; dust bins; adolescent girls changing and washing room in all toilet; recreational halls; internet facilities; sewerage system; toilet for girls; toilet for boys; urinal for boys; urinal for girls; bathrooms for boys; bathrooms for girls; most participants; available clean water; science labs; ICT labs; market place; lightening in school compounds; boundary walls; access to electricity; teachers’ room; headteachers’ office; library facility; sports facility; storage room in the schools. Through observation, this study found that most of these facilities were insufficient, require repairs, and some were too damaged to be repaired. This study further demonstrates that the available teaching-learning materials in senior high schools include teachers instructional guide; textbooks; shelves or storage for books; equipment and materials in labs; audio-visual medium; classrooms and schools’ ventilation; furniture in library; furniture in classrooms; furniture for teachers; books in the libraries; and the schools are experiencing overcrowding in classrooms and in schools. Through observation, the study noticed that most of these resources were not in good form to be used to their fullest capacity and others were even non-functional. The current study found that the obstacles facing senior high schools include deterioration of classroom facilities and school buildings; congestion in classrooms; inadequate classrooms and classrooms furniture; inadequate water supply; lack of equipment and dormitories; lack of funds for operational cost; delayed in disbursement of funds for feeding; poor quality of food for students; lack of toilets and other hygiene facilities; lack of subject’s teachers; teaching-learning materials; insufficient Technology; decreased teacher resources; lack of teacher motivation; overused library resources; increase students’ enrolments; increased student-teacher ratio. Also, this study results demonstrates that the free education policy has positive effects such as reduced financial pressure on students and their parents; increase students’ enrolments and reduced school dropout from schools. The current study found that the free education policy does not positively affect or improved infrastructure; increased funding for operational cost in schools; increased technology and access to computers for students; increased labs and equipment; increases academic performance of students; improved library facilities; increased classrooms; and increased sport facilities in public senior high schools. The results showed that free education policy is associated with inadequate classrooms; lack of dormitories; decreased quality of infrastructure, students’ congestion in classrooms; poor quality of food for students; increase exams malpractice in schools; delayed disbursement of funds for schools; inadequate classrooms furniture; lack of labs and equipment; insufficient teaching-learning materials e.g., textbooks; absence of subject’s teachers; put pressure on library resources; inadequate supply of water; and lack of toilets and other hygiene facilities. In conclusion, while the findings of this research demonstrate that the introduction of the free education policy has been beneficial in making education accessible to all, it is clear that there is still a great deal to be done to improve educational infrastructure and learning materials at senior high schools.

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Challenges of Infrastructure and Teaching Learning -Materials

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TUDCA belongs to a group of molecules called chemical chaperones and has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine to support digestive and liver health. Its popularity as a dietary supplement has grown in the Western world, prompting a need to compile various analytical methods reported in the literature for its analysis. These techniques are crucial for understanding aspects like bioavailability, bioequivalence, and therapeutic monitoring in patient care. Despite TUDCA's clinical approval, most analytical methods found in scientific literature rely on HPLC. Hence, this review summarizes HPLC-based methods used to determine and quantify Tauroursodeoxycholic acid since its discovery.

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TUDCA, HPLC

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Strategic leadership highlights the role of school heads in setting the direction, goals, and objectives of schools, and in ensuring that these are understood and embraced by all stakeholders. It encompasses the school heads' commitment to a strategic course of action consistent with institutional goals towards maximizing organizational performance. A descriptive-quantitative study was conducted to investigate the strategic leadership of the school heads in Masbate city as respondents. Leading strategically were evaluated as highly performed in terms of vision, mission, and core values, school planning and implementation, policy implementation and review, research and innovation, programs design and implementation, and learners’ voice. However, monitoring and evaluation processes and tools were assessed as the least performed strand as it is recommended to conduct trainings specifically on the system for engaging the stakeholders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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strategic leadership, PPSSH, school heads, leading strategically

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study was conducted to see the effect of information booklet on knowledge regarding the prevention of CAD among young adults in the selected urban community, West Bengal. The objectives of the study were to identify the effect of information booklet by the difference of knowledge scores in experimental and control group, and to find out the association between the knowledge and selected demographic variables. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was based on the general system model by Ludwing Von Bertalanffy (1968). This was a non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group design study. Sixty (60) young adults, aged 18 to 40 years, were selected by convenience sampling method, 30 in experimental group, and 30 in control group. Data was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire. The result of the study revealed that maximum number of young adults from both experimental (56.7%) and control group (43.3%) belonged to the age group of 36-40 years and most of them were female (70% and 53.3% respectively). Majority of young adults from both experimental group (36.7%) and control group (53.4%) were graduates. Mean differences between pre and post-test knowledge score in experimental group (6.73) and post-test knowledge score in experimental and control group (5.93) were found to be statistically significant as evident from corresponding ‘t’ values (‘t’29 =3.17, p≤ 0.05 & ‘t’58 =2.92, p≤ 0.05). Researcher concluded that the target intervention (information booklet) was effective to increase the knowledge of young adults. Statistically significant association was found between knowledge and education status of the young adults. The study findings have several implications for nursing service, education, administration and research. The study can be replicated on larger sample in different setting.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social re-entry in the criminal justice system cannot be avoided since virtually all prisoners are released sooner or later. These initiatives are the outcome of a restorative justice approach which aims to reduce future offences by bringing back offenders to normal life by rehabilitation and restoration. Prisoners’ lives in prisons were very difficult in the Indian context till the last decade. Different rehabilitative approaches have been introduced inside prisons but, after release, the number of social reentry initiatives is much less. The released face many psycho-social and economic issues which may destroy a person’s ability to adjust with the services provided. The idea of reintegration means working with the offenders , changing their behavioural pattern and bringing them back to the community. Reintegration aims to integrate the offenders back to the society and to provide them with all faculties as of a normal person. Ex- offenders shall integrate with their family , friends , society , employment and be capable of managing the circumstances in a manner which doesn’t risk or create additional conflict to law. The national prison policy of India recommends aftercare services for the rehabilitation of released prisoners. The labelling and social stigma due to the crime hinders prisoners’ ability to re-enter society after release. In this context, the present paper explored the issues and challenges faced by the released prisoners during their social re-entry and came up with rehabilitative initiatives for a better restoration process. The researcher has done empirical methods method research and methods of sampling used are convenient sampling. Total response of 200 responses were collected.

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Prisoners, re integration, society, rehabilitation and social behaviour.

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ABSTRACT Attitude refers to how we feel about something and how it influences our behavior. Understanding entrepreneurship can change young people’s attitudes, motivating them to start business or innovate instead of just seeking traditional jobs. However, many young people still prefer employment over entrepreneurship. This raises the question: what cause this preference? This study assessed the attitude of young people in public technical institutions in Uttarakhand towards entrepreneurship. It aimed to identify factors influencing their attitude towards starting their own business. The main aim of this research project is to identify the Attitude of Youth towards Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Uttarakhand. In this research project mix method analysis i.e. Qualitative and quotative will be used. Primary data will be collected through structured questionnaire from the youths of Uttarakhand State. Secondary data will be collected from published research papers, articles, Newspapers, Books, etc. The sample size for this study is 100. The random sampling technique will be used to collect the data. In this study, different statistical tools are used as per requirement to analysis and validate the research objectives. In this study, there are five chapters – Introduction, Review of Literature, Analysis of results and interpretations, Findings/Discussion & Recommendations, Conclusions. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial activities, youth Attitude, Uttarakhand.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Background of the study: Human blood is essential and very important and lifesaving component, which is capable of saving millions of lives, if it is available readily. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), at least one percent of the country’s population should donate to meet the basic requirement for blood and blood products. In India, there is need for about 8 million units of blood every year out of which only about one-third are obtained from voluntary blood donors. Title of the study: Knowledge and attitude regarding blood donation among students of selected colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam. Objectives: To assess the knowledge regarding blood donation among students of selected colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam. To assess the attitude regarding blood donation among students of selected colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam. To find out the correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding blood donation in selected colleges of Kamrup (M), Assam. To find out association between knowledge of students regarding blood donation with selected demographic variables. To find out the association between attitude of students regarding blood donation with selected demographic variables. To provide informational booklet regarding blood donation. Materials and methods: The study adopted a quantitative research approach. The research design used was non-experimental descriptive research design. The study was conducted in conveniently 3 selected colleges of Kamrup Metro Assam i.e., SB Deorah College, B. Borooah College and Guwahati college among 196 students studying in general B.Sc course using Stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected using Structured Self-Administered Knowledge questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Results: From findings of the present study revealed that after conducting the study majority i.e., 102 (52.04%) of the students have moderately adequate knowledge, others 49 (25%) of the students have adequate knowledge, and 45 (22.96%) of the students have inadequate knowledge and majority i.e., 88 (44.90%) of the students have neutral attitude 44 (22.45%) of the students have negative attitude, and 64 (32.65%) of the students have positive attitude.The association between knowledge with selected demographic variables were not found statically significant at p<0.05 level of significance. Thus, the research hypothesis H2 is rejected and null hypothesis H02 is retained. The association of attitude with selected demographic variable with regard to age was found to be statistically significant. The rest of the demographic variables i.e., gender, father’s education, father’s occupation, number of siblings in the family, types of family, any previous source of information on blood donation, have you ever donated blood, any of your friends have donated blood for attitude were found to be not statistically significant at p<0.05 level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis H02 is rejected only in terms of age. The present study reveals a moderately significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of the students on blood donation (r = 0.37) which was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: After conducting the study it can be concluded that majority of the students have moderately adequate knowledge and have neutral attitude towards blood donation. Therefore, it is important for health personnel to take initiatives in educating the students regarding blood donation to encourage them in donating blood in futures as they are the future of the nation.

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Keywords: Assess, Knowledge, Attitude, Blood Donation, College, Students.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The word cancer comes from the Latin word “Carcinoma” which means a “crab”. Cancer is the most dreaded disease and largest killer disease in the world next only to heart ailments. Tobacco and alcohol are regarded as the major risk factors for oral cancer. It accounts for 5% to 70% of total cancer mortality. The statement of problem: A study to assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Oral Cancer among Students in selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup(M), Assam. Specific objectives: (1) To assess the pre- test level of knowledge among students of selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup(M), Assam (2) To assess the post-test level of knowledge among students of selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup(M), Assam (3)To evaluate the effectiveness of Structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding oral cancer among students in selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup(M), Assam and (4)To find out the association between pre-test level of knowledge with selected demographic variables Research Approach and design: A quantitative evaluative research approach and pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the study. Material and Methods: The student researcher used Simple Random Sampling technique to select 143 samples (students of class XI and XII). The study was conducted at 3 conveniently selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup (M), Assam namely Gopal Boro Higher Secondary School,Prachya Bharati Senior Secondary School and Arya Vidyapeeth Higher Secondary School. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding Oral Cancer among students of selected Higher Secondary Schools of Kamrup(M), Assam. Results: The study revealed the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge where majority of the students in pre-test i.e. 115(80.4%) of participants had moderate knowledge, 16(11.2%) had inadequate knowledge and 12(8.4%) had adequate knowledge where as in post-test majority students i.e. 143(100%) had adequate knowledge regarding oral cancer. For the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding oral cancer among students, thefindings showed that in post-test mean knowledge score was 20.75±3.309 and it was higher than pre-test mean knowledge score 10.17±2.686 with a mean difference of 10.58. The mean difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score was tested using paired t test at p<0.05 level of significance. There was significant association between knowledge regarding oral cancer among students in selected higher secondary schools and stream, previous knowledge of oral cancer, family history of tobacco use, family history of cancer. Conclusion: The study proved that Structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding oral cancer among the participants. More studies need to be conducted to know the knowledge regarding oral cancer for early detection and prevention of oral cancer.

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Keywords: Assess, Knowledge, Oral cancer,

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Apart from many other factors, the design of Irrigation channels and control structures plays very important role in the successful performance of an irrigation system. Irrigation projects are launched for equitable distribution of water among the shareholders and its efficient use at the farms, for which design of diversions and control structures provide basic framework. Both the service providers and users of water desire that the system should be free of problems and minimum loss of efficiencies Canal cross‐section designs for uniform flows are contrasted and compared by using non dimensional shape parameters. The basic relations among the cross‐section shapes and design variables (the wetted perimeter, the water depth, the water surface width, the cross‐sectional area, the lining volume, the excavation volume, etc.) are exposed. These relations are used to uncover robust rules that can determine optimal canal designs for elementary problems, directly from flow information such as capacity, velocity, slope,and roughness. For problems involving complex limits and economics, the relations are combined with optimization methods to solve for the economically optimal cross sections. The possible cross sections are parameterized by at most two variables, so the calculations do not require the use of sophisticated optimization methods or large computers.

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Canal, canal alignment, Gross command area Cultivable command Area, Lacey

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The adoption of subscription models has significantly transformed revenue growth strategies in EdTech companies. This abstract explores how these models contribute to sustained financial growth by ensuring consistent revenue streams and enhancing customer retention. By analyzing various subscription-based revenue models, the study highlights their impact on cash flow stability, scalability, and customer engagement. The findings indicate that well-implemented subscription strategies lead to predictable income, improved financial forecasting, and increased lifetime customer value. This research underscores the importance of aligning subscription offerings with customer needs and market trends to maximize growth and maintain competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving EdTech industry.

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Key words: Subscription models, Revenue growth strategies, EdTech companies, Consistent revenue streams, Customer retention, Financial growth

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ABSTRACT The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India marked a significant reform in the country's indirect tax system. This study investigates the compliance landscape and implementation challenges of GST in India, examining its impact on various stakeholders. By analyzing the structure and functioning of the GST regime, the research identifies key areas where GST has brought about tax simplification and increased transparency. However, the study also reveals compliance difficulties, particularly for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), stemming from complex procedures and technological inadequacies. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis, the research provides insights into the effectiveness of GST in achieving its intended goals. The findings suggest that while GST has made notable progress in creating a unified tax system, there are areas that require attention and improvement. The study concludes with strategic recommendations aimed at enhancing GST compliance and implementation, emphasizing the importance of continuous technological upgrades, taxpayer education, and streamlined administrative processes. These recommendations are critical for maximizing the benefits of GST and ensuring its sustainable success in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract This research paper delves into the financial performance of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) through a comprehensive ratio analysis, focusing on profitability, liquidity, and solvency metrics. TCS, a global leader in IT services, presents a robust case for financial analysis due to its significant market position and consistent financial performance. The study employs key financial ratios to evaluate TCS’s profitability, including net profit margin, return on assets (ROA), and return on equity (ROE). Liquidity is assessed through current and quick ratios, while solvency is measured using debt-to-equity and interest coverage ratios. Comparative analysis is conducted against industry benchmarks and key competitors to gauge TCS's relative financial health. The findings suggest that TCS maintains strong profitability and liquidity positions, with a conservative approach to debt, underscoring its financial stability and operational efficiency. This paper provides valuable insights for investors, stakeholders, and financial analysts in understanding TCS's financial strategies and market standing.

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Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Ratio Analysis, Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Financial Performance, Competitive Analysis, IT Services Industry, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Debt-to-Equity Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Financial Stability, Operational Efficiency.

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This study investigates the transformative impact of social media on the beauty industry, with a focus on Maybelline's digital presence. In recent years, social media platforms have become crucial arenas for beauty brands to engage with consumers, shape perceptions, and drive sales. Maybelline, a prominent player in the cosmetics industry, has strategically leveraged digital platforms to connect with its target audience and enhance brand visibility. Employing a survey questionnaire method, this research aims to explore consumers' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards Maybelline's digital marketing initiatives. The questionnaire delves into various aspects, including social media engagement, content preferences, purchase decisions influenced by digital campaigns, and overall satisfaction with Maybelline's online presence. By analyzing survey responses, this study seeks to provide insights into the effectiveness of Maybelline's digital strategies and identify areas for improvement. The findings are anticipated to contribute to the broader understanding of how beauty brands can leverage social media to revolutionize their marketing approaches and stay competitive in today's digitally driven landscape.I

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Beauty industry, social media, Maybelline, digital presence, consumer perceptions, digital marketing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the concept of green marketing by assessing both consumer perceptions and industry practices. Green marketing has become increasingly important in today's environmentally conscious world, with consumers seeking products and services that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical analysis, this paper aims to examine consumer perceptions of green marketing initiatives and evaluate the practices adopted by industries in implementing green marketing strategies. By understanding the dynamics between consumer expectations and industry responses, this study provides insights into the effectiveness of green marketing campaigns and their impact on consumer behaviour and industry sustainability efforts.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green marketing, Sustainable marketing, Environmental sustainability, Consumer behavior, Corporate social responsibility (CSR),Eco-friendly products, Sustainability initiatives, Green consumerism, Environmental consciousness, Sustainable business practices ,Eco-labeling

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This dissertation explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into everyday life, aiming to understand its current landscape, implications, and future trends. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study addresses three major research objectives, including examining the current penetration of AI, identifying applications, evaluating user perceptions, analyzing societal implications, assessing ethical considerations and awareness. Findings indicate widespread adoption of AI in various domains, with applications ranging from virtual assistants to predictive analytics, significantly impacting efficiency, convenience, and quality of life. However, concerns regarding employment, privacy, ethics, and social interactions underscore the need for ethical deployment and regulation. The study anticipates future trends in AI integration and emphasizes the importance of user-centered design, ethical considerations, and education in shaping a responsible AI-driven society. Overall, it provides insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to navigate the complex landscape of AI integration while ensuring ethical and equitable outcomes for all.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ; AI IMPLICATIONS ; AI ETHICS ; AI AND SOCIETY - PERCEPTIONS ; AI IN EDUCATION ; AI IN WORKPLACE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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see manuscritp

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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see manuscript

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the modern era of rapid technological advancements, the role of Human Resources (HR) is undergoing a transformative evolution as organizations seek to revolutionize their approach to talent management and employee engagement. This abstract explores the concept of digital transformation in the workplace and its implications for HR practices. Digital transformation in the workplace refers to the integration of digital technologies into all aspects of business operations to fundamentally change how work is done and how organizations interact with their employees. HR departments are at the forefront of this transformation, leveraging innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, data analytics, and automation to streamline HR processes, enhance employee experiences, and drive organizational growth. One of the key benefits of digital transformation in HR is the ability to improve recruitment and talent acquisition efforts. Through the use of AI-powered tools, HR professionals can now easily sift through large volumes of job applications, identify top talent, and proactively engage with potential candidates. Moreover, data analytics enable HR teams to gain valuable insights into workforce trends, skills gaps, and performance metrics, allowing for more informed decision-making and strategic workforce planning. Another significant impact of digital transformation in HR is the enhancement of employee engagement and retention. By implementing digital tools such as mobile apps, intranet platforms, and virtual communication channels, organizations can foster a more connected and collaborative work environment, regardless of geographic location. This virtual connectivity not only boosts employee morale and productivity but also promotes a culture of continuous learning and development. Furthermore, digital HR solutions facilitate the automation of routine administrative tasks, such as payroll processing, benefits management, and performance evaluations, freeing up HR professionals to focus on more strategic initiatives. By embracing digital transformation, HR departments can shift their focus from transactional

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, the insurance industry has been undergoing significant transformations propelled by technological disruptions. From the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to the emergence of blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, insurers are harnessing innovative technologies to streamline operations, enhance customer experience, and mitigate risks. While these advancements offer promising opportunities for the industry, they also bring forth a myriad of regulatory challenges that demand careful navigation of legal and ethical dimensions. This paper aims to delve into the regulatory landscape surrounding technological disruptions in the insurance sector, highlighting key legal and ethical considerations that insurers must address. By examining the evolving regulatory frameworks, emerging ethical dilemmas, and pertinent case studies, this study seeks to provide insights into effective strategies for managing regulatory challenges and fostering responsible innovation within the insurance industry. The following sections will explore various aspects of regulatory challenges, including data privacy and security, consumer protection, regulatory compliance, and ethical implications. Through comprehensive analysis and practical recommendations, this paper aims to equip insurers, policymakers, and other stakeholders with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complex terrain of technological disruptions in the insurance sector while upholding legal and ethical standards. 

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research investigates the impact of music marketing on branding and user engagement on and of short video platforms, focusing on Generation Z users. Utilizing Keller's Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model as a theoretical framework, the study explores the relationship between music usage in short video content and perceived brand identity, emotional response, and brand resonance among Generation Z users. Through a comprehensive survey analysis and The Pearson correlation analysis through SPSS ,involving a diverse sample of participants, the study examines hypotheses related to the correlation between music usage and brand perception, emotional responses to music-driven content, and user engagement with branded content. Findings indicate a positive association between music usage and perceived brand identity, with music-evoked emotions significantly influencing brand preferences and engagement levels. The study also highlights the importance of user-generated content and brand perceptions on short video platforms. Additionally, the research identifies opportunities for future studies, including longitudinal analyses, cross-cultural and comparisons. Overall, the findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the strategic use of music in digital branding and provide insights for marketers seeking to enhance brand equity and consumer engagement on short video platforms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Music, Marketing, Branding, Short Video Platform, Generation Z

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This dissertation provides a thorough situational study of the many transgressions committed by children involved in legal conflicts during the ongoing ethnic war in Manipur. The research examines the historical context and current dynamics of the ethnic conflict, with a particular focus on its influence on children and their engagement in criminal activities. The dissertation investigates the several elements that contribute to juvenile delinquency in conflict-affected regions, such as socio-economic, familial, peer, psychological, and educational aspects, by analyzing existing literature, theoretical viewpoints, and empirical research. The project aims to examine the frequency and trends of juvenile crimes in Manipur, identify deficiencies in the current body of literature, and investigate the efficacy of intervention and rehabilitation initiatives for juvenile offenders. The research used a mixed-methods approach, which involves analyzing secondary data quantitatively and gathering qualitative insights via interviews, focus groups, and case studies. The results indicate that the ethnic strife in Manipur has a noteworthy influence on youngsters, resulting in a heightened susceptibility to involvement in criminal conduct. Juvenile offenders often engage in property crimes, violent crimes, drug-related offenses, and other offenses, which are often connected to the wider context of the ethnic conflict. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the distinct requirements and encounters of young offenders in regions impacted by violence, underscoring deficiencies in the existing body of literature. The implications for policy and practice are bolstering the juvenile justice system, advocating for community-based rehabilitation, allocating resources to preventative efforts, and improving cooperation and coordination among stakeholders. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies, qualitative research, comparative analysis, and assessment of particular intervention techniques to effectively address the highlighted gaps and improve outcomes for juvenile offenders in conflict-affected locations

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Juvenile delinquency, Ethnic conflict, Manipur, Children in conflict with laws, Intervention programs, Rehabilitation, Socio-economic issues, Family dynamics, Community-based rehabilitation, Prevention techniques

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Environmental Impact Assessment developed and become part of the most important project requirements in many countries including Namibia since its introduction in the United State of America in 1969. It played a significant role by contributing to sustainable development and reducing poverty in the lives of people affected by the projects in both developed and developing countries, unlike in the previous years when it was only accessible in the developed countries. So, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the EIA system in Namibia using two effectiveness criteria namely; procedural effectiveness and substantive effectiveness as well as to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the EIA system from the ReconAfrica case study. This study used the impact assessment and project appraisal framework (Chanchitpricha, Morris & Bond, 2019) as tools to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the EIA system in Namibia. The study evaluated the EIA system of Namibia using ReconAfrica case study reports as its sample and sampling procedures. The Data were collected based on online research through Google scholar along with the Google website, ReconAfrica case study reports, Newspapers, Social media sites such as ReconAfrica Facebook page, NBC news-8 Facebook page and Newspaper's Facebook pages, and other websites as well as academic databases available to the researcher, which include Science Direct (documentary analysis and content analysis). Thematic and documentary analysis methods were used to analyze the data for this study. The performance and effectiveness of the EIA system in Namibia are considered to be effective and efficient as the practitioners and proponents often took the framework into account and adhered to laws and regulations. This led to the EIA system fitting the framework and meeting the performance of EIA by describing how the EIA system should be adapted to the adopted framework. The EIA process of Namibia achieved objective sets, supports well-informed decision-making which results in environmental protection, and is being carried out according to established expectations, complying with procedures, following best practice principles, and adhering to regulations. EIA system of Namibia has strengths and weaknesses and it can be fully evaluated even with bias and shortcomings within the system as these can be mitigated with the right procedures. Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment system, Procedural, Substantive, Strengths, Weaknesses, Effectiveness, Evaluation, Performance, Namibia, ReconAfrica.  

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Environmental Impact Assessment system, Procedural, Substantive, Strengths, Weaknesses, Effectiveness, Evaluation, Performance, Namibia, ReconAfrica.  

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This comparative study investigates the quality of life and life satisfaction of elderly individuals residing in paid old age homes and within families in Kottayam district, Kerala. The research focuses on understanding the living conditions, socio-demographic details, freedom, mobility, and health-related factors affecting the elderly in these two settings. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to provide a comprehensive analysis. Socio-demographic details reveal significant differences in age, marital status, number of children, and educational qualifications between the two groups. Freedom and mobility factors are explored, emphasizing the challenges faced by elderly individuals in both settings. Quality of life is assessed using the WHO Bref Quality of Life scale, revealing variations in physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Life satisfaction is also measured using the Life Satisfaction scale, highlighting overall contentment among elderly individuals in both groups. The study additionally explores the influence of religious beliefs and spirituality on the health perspectives of the elderly. Qualitative findings delve into the complex interplay of health, living environment, stress, and freedom, providing insights into the multifaceted challenges faced by elderly individuals. The research underscores the need for tailored policies and interventions considering the diverse needs of elderly individuals in different living arrangements. This study contributes valuable insights to the discourse on elderly care, informing future initiatives to enhance the well-being of aging populations.

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Keywords: Elderly, Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Old Age Homes, Family, Kerala.

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Varicose veins are the chronic vein disorder usually occouring in the aged population. The disease mainly inclused the spider telangiectasias, reticular veins, and true varicosities. Appproximately 23% of US adults suffer from the varicose veins. But in india it affects only 5% of the population of india since, the population is india is more than 200 crores the percentage makes a heavy impact on a scale. Of which Most of the cases found in india 62% population is from the urban region and the remaining 38% is from the rural region of the country. In majority of th e cases females tend to have more virulency than the men. Varicosoe veins are more common in western world than india. 70% of patients were males and 30% patients were females. The study of Lee et al., Edinburgh Vein Study shown the prevalence of 40% in men and 32% in women. Our findings are in accordance with the study of Vashist et al. which showed 64% of males and 36% of females. Larger varicose veins are generally treated with ligation and stripping, laser treatment, or radiofrequency treatment. In some cases, a combination of treatments may work best. Smaller varicose veins and spider veins are usually treated with sclerotherapy or laser therapy on your skin. Treatment options include surgery, laser and radiofrequency obligation, and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Newer treatment sinclude cyanoacrylate glue, mechanochemical ablation, and endovenous steam ablation. No real difference could be found between the treatments, except that radiofrequency ablation could have a better long-term benefit.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of auditing, offering new avenues for improving efficiency, accuracy, and effectiveness. This study delves into the current applications and future prospects of AI in auditing, focusing on its impact on audit quality and the evolving role of auditors. AI is currently employed in auditing to automate repetitive tasks, process vast amounts of data rapidly, and identify patterns that may indicate errors or fraud. These capabilities have significantly enhanced audit quality by enabling auditors to conduct more thorough and comprehensive audits. Additionally, AI facilitates continuous auditing by providing real-time analysis of financial transactions, enabling auditors to identify and address issues promptly. Looking ahead, the future of AI in auditing holds great promise. Advancements in AI technologies, including machine learning and natural language processing, are expected to further revolutionize audit processes. AI-driven tools will become more sophisticated, allowing auditors to analyze complex data sets more effectively and detect subtle patterns that may signal irregularities. In conclusion, AI has the potential to transform auditing practices, enhancing audit quality, efficiency, and the role of auditors. By embracing AI technologies and adapting to the changing audit landscape, auditors can position themselves for success in the future of auditing.

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Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Auditing, Current Applications, Future Prospects, Audit Quality, Efficiency, Role of Auditors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The protection of investors is a critical aspect of financial markets, ensuring transparency, fairness, and confidence in investment activities. This analysis examines the concept through various lenses, including regulatory frameworks, corporate governance practices, and the role of financial intermediaries. It delves into the significance of investor protection in fostering market integrity and enhancing investor trust. Furthermore, the analysis explores the challenges and complexities involved in ensuring effective investor protection, especially in light of evolving market dynamics and technological advancements. The analysis also discusses the importance of regulatory bodies and their enforcement mechanisms in safeguarding investors' interests. It highlights the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of regulatory frameworks to adapt to changing market conditions and emerging risks. Additionally, the analysis considers the impact of investor protection on market efficiency, capital formation, and overall economic growth. Overall, this analysis provides valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of investor protection and its crucial role in maintaining a robust and resilient financial ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Investors, Financial Market, Corporate, Technology and Governance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Helmet violation detection is a crucial aspect of road safety, as it can significantly reduce the number of fatalities and injuries caused by motorcycle accidents. In recent years, computer vision techniques have been widely used to develop automated systems for helmet violation detection. This project proposes a helmet violation detection system using image processing and machine learning techniques. The proposed system employs computer vision algorithms to detect whether a motorcyclist is wearing a helmet or not. The system is based on a deep learning model, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to classify the input images into two classes, i.e., helmet and non-helmet. The system is trained on a large dataset of images with different lighting conditions, backgrounds, and helmet types to enhance its accuracy and generalization ability. The proposed system can be implemented on existing surveillance cameras installed at strategic locations on the road. This system has the potential to increase road safety and reduce the number of motorcycle accidents caused by the violation of helmet-wearing rules. The system involves person detection, helmet, vs.no-helmet, classification using YOLO algorithm. Convolutional neural network with sequential model is implementing for number plate detection process. CNN classification model proposes for classify the number plate in image and extract the user details. Then calculate the fine amount.

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Helmet Violation Detection, Road Safety, Motorcycle Accidents, Number Plate Detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the critical function of social media marketing in influencing client behavior in today's digital age. The study's goal is to explore how social media marketing activities influence client intentions, particularly in the fast-paced digital context. The study aims to clarify how different social media marketing methods affect customer intentions and offer light on the dynamics of consumer-brand interactions online by reviewing a large body of material. The study takes a mixed-methodologies approach, including both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The qualitative section comprises in-depth interviews with marketing professionals and social media users to acquire a better understanding of the factors that drive customer behavior in response to social media marketing. Simultaneously, the quantitative component includes a standardized survey questionnaire distributed to a diverse set of social media users. The purpose is to assess the relationship between various social media marketing methods and client intentions. The survey contains several well-crafted questions designed to assess respondents' perspectives, attitudes, and actions about social media marketing activities and their impact on purchasing intentions, brand loyalty, and engagement. The questions may cover subjects such as social media usage frequency, preferred platforms, content genres, views of brand authenticity, trust, and credibility, and the impact of user-generated content and social endorsements on purchasing decisions. The study attempts to provide a comprehensive knowledge of how social media marketing operations impact customer intentions in today's digital age by combining insights from both qualitative interviews and quantitative survey data. The study's findings are expected to increase theoretical understanding of digital marketing while also providing practical insights for marketers seeking to interact and influence their target audience through social media.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The production and distribution of bottled water have witnessed exponential growth globally, driven by factors such as convenience, health consciousness, and urbanization. With this surge in demand, ensuring the quality and integrity of bottled water products has become a top priority for manufacturers. Central to this endeavour is the need for effective inspection methods to detect and mitigate defects that may compromise product safety and consumer satisfaction. With the proliferation of bottled water consumption, ensuring the quality and safety of water bottles has become increasingly vital. Visual inspection methods provide a non-invasive and efficient means of identifying defects in water bottles during manufacturing processes. In this study, we propose a novel approach for the visual inspection of water bottles using YOLO, a deep learning architecture known for its effectiveness in image classification tasks. The proposed system employs YOLO algorithm to analyse images of water bottles captured by cameras installed along the production line. By leveraging the hierarchical feature representations learned by YOLO algorithm, our method aims to accurately classify water bottles into categories such as "defective" or "acceptable" based on the presence of defects such as scratches, dents, or impurities. We also explore strategies for optimizing model hyperparameters and training parameters to improve classification performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Quality assurance , Deep learning , Defect detection , visual inspection method.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Counterfeit Currency has always been an issue which has created a lot of problems in the market. The increasing technological advancements have made the possibility for creating more counterfeit currency which are circulated in the market which reduces the overall economy of the country. There are machines present at banks and other commercial areas to check the authenticity of the currencies. But a common man does not have access to such systems and hence a need for a software to detect fake currency arises, which can be used by common people. This proposed system uses Image Processing to detect whether the currency is genuine or counterfeit. The system is designed completely using Python programming language. It consists of the steps such as gray scale conversion, edge detection, segmentation, etc. which are performed using suitable methods. The first order and second order statistical features are extracted initially from the input and undergoes deeplearning algorithm CNN. The effective feature vectors are given to the SVM classifier unit for classification. The proposed method produced classification accuracy of 95.8 percentage. The experimental results are compared with state of-the methods and produced reliable results.

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: CNN,SVM,Counterfeit currency, Technological Advancements,Image processing,Gray scale conversion,Edge detection,Segmentation,Deep learning

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The impact of parenting styles on children's mental health is a critical aspect of developmental psychology. This research aims to comprehensively explore the relationship between diverse parenting approaches and children's psychological well-being. The primary objective is to elucidate how different parenting styles, namely authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, influence various facets of children's mental health. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating theoretical analysis with empirical evidence from existing literature. Through a systematic review of relevant studies, this research synthesizes key findings to offer insights into the mechanisms through which parenting styles shape children's psychological resilience and well-being. The findings underscore the significance of authoritative parenting in fostering positive mental health outcomes, including enhanced self-esteem, emotional regulation, and stress management skills. Conversely, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting styles are associated with adverse mental health consequences, such as increased anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems in children. The discussion highlights the importance of promoting authoritative parenting practices and implementing interventions aimed at enhancing parent-child relationships to optimize children's mental health outcomes. Recommendations for future research and practical implications for promoting positive parenting behaviors are also discussed, emphasizing the significance of fostering authoritative parenting practices and enhancing parent-child relationships to optimize children's mental health outcomes.

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Parenting Styles, Children's Mental Health, Authoritative Parenting, Authoritarian Parenting, Permissive Parenting, Neglectful Parenting.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India, the world largest democracy has been time and again questioned for suppressing the voices of dissent by misuse of law of sedition which questions the very spirit of democracy. This question involves great emphasis and time to answer. We call ourselves the world’s largest democracy and the basic meaning of democracy revolves around “rule by the people, of the people and for the people.” But in the government, we form, where is the ‘people rule’? And if it is the ‘people rule’, then why is there any need for laws like Sedition? The evil consequence of this sedition law widely impacted our freedom struggle, and nothing could prevent even the revolutionaries like Tilak and Gandhi from being put behind the bars. Even today great authors and social activists are charged with the offence of sedition to silent their speech.

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DISSERTATION ON LAW OF SEDITION AND THE STATUS OF FREE SPEECH IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

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Castor is an important oilseed crop. The castor bean contains about 50-55% oil. Among vegetable oils, castor oil is distinguished by its high content (over 85%) of ricinoleic acid. No other vegetable oil contains so high proportion of fatty hydroxy acids. Castor oil’s unsaturated bond, high molecular weight (298), low melting point (5°C), and very low solidification point (-12°C to -18°C) make it industrially useful, most of all for the highest and most stable viscosity of any vegetable oil. The castor plant has a substantial taproot with many lateral branches which can reach a great depth enabling them to withstand drought and harsh weather conditions. Leaves of castor plants are large, glossy, and green with pointed lobes and prominent veins; However, the castor leaf for many years has often been attacked by the whitefly and in most cases leads to the destruction of the plant. The whitefly causes stunted growth of the plant and yellowing of leaves which renders the shedding of fruiting bodies. Among the eight treatments, the lowest whitefly/plant recorded by The T4 quinolphos and T6 Neem oil 2% recorded as the best treatments over the rest of the treatments. Significantly highest grain yield @3730.00 kg and 3627.63 kg was recorded by T6 Neem oil 2% and T7 Pongamia oil 2% followed by T5 Mahuva oil recorded yield @ 3283.30kg. However, the chemical treatments viz., T3 Profenophos 50 EC @0.03% and T4 quinolphos 25 EC @ 0.05% recorded yield @ 2956.66 and 2936.00 kg/ha both at par with each other. Whereas untreated control recorded the lowest yield @2426.03 kg/ha.

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Castor (Ricinus communis); whitefly Trileurodes ricini Misra ;Wax bloom, Quinolphos, Profenophos, Neem, Pongamia and Mahua

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This study explores the critical role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in shaping investment decisions within the framework of sustainable finance. By integrating insights from empirical research, case studies, and regulatory analyses, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how ESG considerations influence investment processes, financial performance, and stakeholder perceptions. Findings reveal the tangible benefits of ESG integration, including risk mitigation, long-term value creation, and enhanced market transparency. The study underscores the transformative potential of sustainable finance in fostering a more resilient, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable global economy.

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Sustainable finance Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Investment decisions Financial performance Risk mitigation Long-term value creation Market transparency Regulatory frameworks Impact investing Stakeholder perceptions

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Contract regulation serves as a cornerstone of prison structures worldwide, presenting the framework for countless transactions and agreements in each commercial and non-public sphere. Within this big felony landscape, two distinguished prison traditions have emerged: common law and civil law. These traditions have advanced distinct strategies to contract law, shaped by way of historical, cultural, and institutional elements special to each system. 3 The roots of contract regulation can be traced back to historic prison systems, including Roman regulation and early English frequent law. Over time, these foundational standards have been subtle and tailored to meet the evolving wants of societies. The historical improvement of contract regulation offers precious insights into the underlying concepts and doctrines that govern contractual relations today. In present day globalized world, grasp the similarities and differences between common regulation and civil regulation approaches to contract law is quintessential for legal practitioners, scholars, and policymakers alike. A comparative learn about of these two felony traditions approves us to discover fine practices, prison innovations, and achievable areas of convergence or conflict. Such insights are fundamental for facilitating cross-border transactions, resolving disputes, and merchandising felony sure bet in an more and more interconnected world. This comparative analysis will delve into key factors of contract regulation inside common regulation and civil law systems, which includes the formation, interpretation, performance, remedies, and contractual issues. By analyzing these areas in depth, we purpose to illuminate the fundamental standards and procedural mechanisms that distinguish common regulation and civil law strategies to contract law.

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COMPARITIVE STUDIES, COMMON LAW, CIVIL LAW, CONTRACT LAW

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Online gaming is a highly popular game in both rural and urban areas. This research is an effort by the researcher to understand the awareness level of online gaming among youth and to identify the source of information on the Effects of online gaming among youth. Guwahati is a place where presently the number of online gaming addictions is being increasing. Youth play online games for relaxing, to get free out from their academics, meet new friends. According to Who the rate of online gaming can be increased in the future days with this online gaming rate of depression, anxiety and fear can be increased because online gaming has both positive and negative effects on youth and on the other hand online gaming has an effect on their academics and on their career. Through this particular study, an effort has been made by the researcher to understand the awareness level of online gaming in youth and to identify the source of information on the Effects of online gaming among youth. Through increased online gaming the online gaming market is been in demand throughout the country. There are a large number of addictions found among youth. According to Kuss, (2013) playing online in an uncontrolled manner can have Internet addiction disorder and psychosocial disorder under psychosocial disorder we can find anxiety, depression, fear and which affect youth's mental health and by which they get affected in their academics by which they unable to perform well and by which it affects on their career goals. According to Susana (2015) playing online games through smart phones, computers, and laptops can affect the mental health of youth but on the other side the youth are increasing the demand for online gaming in the global online market and in the future it can rise to billions.

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Depression, Anxiety, Fear, Smartphone, Online gaming addiction, Internet addiction disorder, Psychiatric disorder, Youth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital age, the influence of social media on consumer behaviour is undeniable. This study investigates the impact of social media marketing activities on shaping customer intentions, particularly within the context of a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, this research aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which social media marketing strategies influence consumer intentions, offering insights into the dynamics of consumer-brand interactions in the digital sphere. Employing a mixed-method approach, this study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to gather data. The qualitative component involves in-depth interviews with marketing professionals and social media users to gain a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing customer intentions in response to social media marketing activities. Concurrently, the quantitative aspect involves a structured survey questionnaire administered to a diverse sample of social media users, aimed at quantifying the relationships between various social media marketing strategies and customer intentions. The survey questionnaire method includes a series of carefully crafted questions designed to assess respondents' perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours concerning social media marketing activities and their impact on purchase intentions, brand loyalty, and engagement. Questions may cover aspects such as frequency of social media usage, preferred platforms, types of content consumed, perceptions of brand authenticity, trustworthiness, and credibility, as well as the influence of user-generated content and social endorsements on purchase decisions. By synthesizing insights from both qualitative interviews and quantitative survey data, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of social media marketing activities in shaping consumer intentions in the contemporary digital era. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to theoretical advancements in the field of digital marketing and offer practical implications for marketers seeking to leverage social media effectively to engage and influence their target audience.

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12720

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pregabalin (PRG), an analogue of gamma-aminobutyric acid, reduces the release of many neurotransmitters, including glutamate, and noradrenaline. It is used for the treatment of epilepsy; simple and complex partial convulsion. The present research work aims to ensure a high drug absorption by retarding the advancement of PRG formulation through the gastrointestinal tract. The work aims to design a controlled release PRG formulation which is administered as liquid and further gels in the stomach and floats in gastric juice. Materials and Methods: In situ gelling formulations were prepared using sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, sodium Bicarbonate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E-50M, and sodium bicarbonate. The prepared formulations were evaluated for solution viscosity, drug content, in vitro gelling studies, gel strength, and in vitro drug release. Results: The formulation containing 3% w/v sodium alginate and 0.6% w/v HPMC E-50 were considered optimum since it showed minimum floating lag time (18 s), optimum viscosity (287.3 cps). The optimized formulation follows first ordering Higuchi kinetic model with regression value 0.4767 representing diffusion mechanism of drug release. Conclusion: Floating in situ gelling system of PRG can be formulated using sodium alginate as a gelling polymer and calcium carbonate as a complexing agent to control the drug release for about 8 h for the treatment of epilepsy.

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FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF in-situ FLOATING GEL OF PREGABALIN

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The financial services sector is undergoing a change thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), especially in the area of financial technology (FinTech). By improving efficiency, accuracy, and security, artificial intelligence (AI) integration in FinTech has drastically changed traditional financial services. Financial institutions may improve decision-making, streamline operations, and provide individualized consumer experiences with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies including machine learning algorithms, natural language processing, and predictive analytics. The automation of previously intensive and error-prone tasks is one of the main effects of AI in FinTech. AI-powered systems have the capacity to handle massive amounts of data quickly, which makes it possible to make decisions about investment strategies, risk assessment, and fraud detection more quickly and accurately. These developments save financial organizations money while simultaneously increasing operational effectiveness. AI systems can offer investors insightful information and support them in making well-informed decisions to optimize returns on their investments by evaluating massive volumes of data in real-time. Additionally, AI has completely changed the way financial services customers interact with a company by making it possible to create chatbots and virtual assistants that can offer clients efficient, personalized help. By responding to consumer questions, offering financial guidance, and even helping with personal money management, these AI-powered solutions raise client happiness and engagement levels. But there are also ethical, security, and data privacy issues to be concerned about with FinTech's growing dependence on AI. Safeguarding confidential data and upholding openness in AI algorithms are growing concerns that financial institutions must address as they gather and examine vast volumes of consumer data. A study is conducted to compare the financial performance of the AI impacted financial services. The objective of the study was to compare the performance of AI with major Financial Services. The sample for the study taken was 5 years (2018 to 2023) of financial statements. To analyze the variance of the mean among the Fintech companies, Variance analysis and ANOVA test has been conducted. Through analysis it is found that the Fintech companies has achieved a better position on net profit margin and debt coverage ratio with positive differences in comparison of other financial services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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FinTech, Financial Services, Artificial Intelligence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Online social networking has precipitated profound modifications inside the manner human’s communication and has interaction. In order to steal personal information, disseminate destructive activities, and publish fake information, attackers and imposters have been drawn to OSNs because of their rapid expansion and the vast amounts of personal data that its users have provided. The proposed OSN focuses on identifying fraudulent accounts. To identify bogus accounts using criteria such as attribute similarity, friend network similarity and aadhar number verification. The user profile structure was examined and fake users were predicted using similarity calculations and classifier algorithms. It also supports age estimation based restriction process implementing for social responsibility. It also suggest an effective trust-based data sharing method that takes into account the permission needs of all involved parties when deciding whether to allow or prohibit the shared resources. To examine data privacy before sharing it with the public, a logical model of the suggested data sharing method is created. Here, a user is linked to a limited group of reliable users who were chosen from their social circle. Before being sent information to the public share, the user needs to get from the trustees at least k (i.e., recovery threshold) threshold values. This demonstrates that employing a dynamic threshold in accordance with the UCB policy might result in a larger pay-out than doing so with a fixed threshold. Also provide automatic download and share blocking approach for secure image sharing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social network security, Fake account detection, Classification, Support Vector Machine.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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At the intersection of road transport and airports, intermodal connectivity is a critical component of the global supply chain network. In a time of globalisation and e-commerce's explosive expansion, the smooth flow of people and commodities is now essential for both sustainable development and economic competitiveness. The complex interactions between different forms of mobility, where flawless integration and connection are crucial, are at the core of this movement. The idea of intermodal connectivity describes the well-coordinated use of several modes of transportation, including air, land, sea, and rail, to enable the efficient and seamless movement of people and goods between various nodes in the transportation network. Although intermodal connection is universally acknowledged to be important, implementing it presents a number of possibilities and problems, particularly when road transport networks and airports intersect. As vital nodes in the global transportation system, airports are essential for enabling the efficient transfer of people and products across great distances. But the performance of ground transportation networks— particularly road transportation, which is the main means of last-mile delivery and connection to interior locations—is closely related to the efficiency of air cargo operations. The literature study on road transport and intermodal connection at airports explores a complex environment with several facets, such as technology, infrastructure, policy, and operational procedures. Studies already conducted emphasise how crucial it is for air cargo facilities and road transportation networks to have seamless communication in order to cut costs, shorten transit times, and improve supply chains.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study titled "Exploring the Role of Behavioral Biases in Investment Decision Making Among Retail Investors in India" seeks to delve into the intricate relationship between behavioral biases and investment decision-making processes among retail investors in India. This research aims to shed light on the various biases that may influence the investment choices of retail investors in the Indian financial market. Behavioral finance, as a field, focuses on understanding how psychological factors can impact financial decision-making and how individuals often deviate from traditional economic models of rational behavior. The Indian financial market has witnessed significant growth in recent years, with an increasing number of retail investors participating in various investment avenues such as stocks, mutual funds, and real estate. However, the decisions made by these investors are not always rational and may be influenced by cognitive biases that lead to suboptimal investment outcomes. By studying the role of behavioral biases in investment decision-making, this research aims to identify the specific biases that are prevalent among retail investors in India and understand how these biases impact their investment choices. Some common behavioral biases that may influence investment decisions include overconfidence, loss aversion, anchoring, herd mentality, and confirmation bias. These biases can lead investors to make decisions based on emotions rather than objective information, resulting in suboptimal investment outcomes. By exploring the prevalence of these biases among retail investors in India, this study seeks to provide insights that can help investors make more informed and rational investment decisions. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including surveys, interviews, and behavioral experiments, this study will gather data to analyze the presence and impact of behavioral biases on investment decision-making among retail investors in India. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to the existing literature on behavioral finance and provide practical implications for investors, financial advisors, and policymakers in India. Overall, this study aims to deepen our understanding of how behavioral biases shape investment decisions among retail investors in India and offer recommendations to mitigate the negative effects of these biases on investment outcomes. By addressing the role of behavioral biases in investment decision-making, this research has the potential to enhance the financial literacy and decision-making capabilities of retail investors in India, ultimately leading to more sustainable and profitable investment practices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Behavioral Biases, Retail investors, Investment decision -making

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the rapidly evolving landscape of financial markets, the integration of technology has become increasingly crucial. This study delves into the realm of quantitative investment strategies, particularly focusing on the utilization of Python, a versatile programming language, as a powerful tool in this domain. By leveraging historical market data, we investigate the performance strategies compared to traditional methods, spanning various aspects such as risk-adjusted returns, portfolio optimization, risk management, and the reliability of back testing procedures. The methodology employed in this research encompasses a range of quantitative analyses tailored to assess the effectiveness of strategies. Firstly, we conduct Sharpe ratio analyses to gauge the risk-adjusted returns, providing insights into the efficiency of these strategies in generating returns relative to the level of risk undertaken. Additionally, portfolio standard deviation comparisons allow us to evaluate the diversification benefits offered by optimized portfolios compared to manually constructed ones, shedding light on the potential for enhanced portfolio management techniques. Furthermore, our study delves into risk management aspects by performing Value at Risk (VaR) assessments. This analysis helps elucidate whether quantitative models are successful in mitigating downside risk and minimizing portfolio drawdowns, especially during turbulent market conditions. Additionally, we scrutinize the reliability of back testing procedures, crucial for validating the performance of investment strategies under various market scenarios. The implications of our study extend beyond academia, offering valuable insights for practitioners in the financial industry. Embracing technology-driven approaches, such as quantitative strategies, can pave the way for achieving superior investment outcomes and staying competitive in today's dynamic market environment. By leveraging Python's capabilities, investors can navigate complexities more adeptly, capitalize on opportunities, and manage risks more effectively, ultimately enhancing their overall performance and resilience in financial markets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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CAGR, CAPM, Volatility, Sharpe Ratio, numpy, yfinance, VaR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Satisfaction of customers based on behaviour of different companies with respective of their inbound and outbound activities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Logistics, supply chain, mba

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal (GI) problems, characterized by altered bowel habits in association with abdominal discomfort or pain in the absence of detectable structural and biochemical abnormalities. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common functional bowel disorder that generates a significant health care burden and can severely impair quality of life. The study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding the prevention of irritable bowel syndrome among college students at selected degree colleges, Bangalore. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM “A study to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instructional module on knowledge regarding prevention of Irritable bowel syndrome among college students at selected degree colleges, Bangalore.” OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • To assess the level of knowledge of degree college student regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome. • To find out the difference between the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of degree college students regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome. • To determine the association between the mean pre-test knowledge level of degree college students regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome and their selected socio-demographic variables. METHODS The pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. The study was conducted in selected degree colleges, Bangalore. Sample of 100 degree college students based on inclusion criteria were chosen by means of non probability convenient sampling technique. The data collection tool were validated by experts, the reliability and feasibility were determined by the pilot study. The data for the study was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire following which samples were subjected to Self Instructional Module (SIM) for the duration of 45 minutes. Post-test was done on 7th day following intervention. The same tool used to conduct the post-test. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS A total of 100 degree college students were recruited as a sample. The findings showed that the mean post-test knowledge score of the subjects was 33.51±3.24, higher than the mean pre-test score of 16.08±2.33. The ‘t’ value obtained from paired ‘t’ test was 24.83, which was higher than the critical value of 2.6 at p< 0.05 level showing that the improvement in knowledge score was significant. The chi-square test was applied to determine the association of demographic variables with knowledge scores of degree college students. Results showed that the year of study, area of residence, food pattern, personal habits and source of information were significant. It means there is significant difference between pre-test and post test level of knowledge of college students regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION The result of the study showed there was a significant improvement obtained following SIM on regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome among degree college students. This study enlightens that there is an immense need for educational programme in hospital or community to improve the knowledge regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome. And also this study motivates other researchers to conduct further studies to evaluate the attitudes and practices of degree college students regarding prevention of irritable bowel syndrome.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Self Instructional Module, Degree college students, Irritable bowel syndrome, Knowledge scores.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Employee satisfaction is a crucial factor influencing productivity, retention, and overall organizational success. This study investigates employee satisfaction and the impact of fringe benefits within the IT sector. We explore how to effectively measure employee satisfaction and assess the influence of various fringe benefits on employee sentiment. The research design will be employed to gather data from IT sector employees. A validated employee satisfaction questionnaire will be used to measure employee sentiment. The study will then analyse the correlation between various fringe benefits offered by IT companies and the overall satisfaction levels of their employees. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of employee satisfaction within the IT industry and provide valuable insights for organizations to design and implement effective fringe benefit programs that enhance employee well-being and retention.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fringe Benefits, Employee Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The research project undertook was “A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools, Kollam” .The selection of sampling technique is non probability convenience sampling technique and the sample consists of 100 adolescent girls of age between 13 and 14 years in selected higher secondary schools ,Kollam . The tool used for data collection was structured knowledge questionnaire. The data analysis of the study were based on the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The fThe research project undertook was “A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools, Kollam”. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls and to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls , Kollam and to find out the association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls in higher secondary schools and selected demographic variables ( age, religion, education of father, education of mother, occupation of father, occupation of mother, area of residence, type of family, previous knowledge regarding reproductive health ).In this study samples were 100 adolescent girls of age between 13 and 14 years in selected higher secondary schools ,Kollam .In order to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program, the sampling technique adopted was non probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used for data collection was structured knowledge questionnaire. The data analysis of the study were based on the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the present study revealed that there was significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores on knowledge regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools, Kollam and there was significant association between the pretest knowledge scores regarding reproductive health among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools, Kollam with selected demographic variables such as age, religion, education of father, education of mother, area of residence, type of family, previous knowledge regarding reproductive health. Based on the findings, the researchers had drawn implications which were vital concerns in the field of nursing practice, nursing administration, nursing education and also for the future development.

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Keywords: Assess, effectiveness, Structured teaching program, Knowledge, Reproductive health, Adolescent girls.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

In contemporary society, the need for accurate people counting systems has become increasingly vital across various domains such as retail analytics, crowd management, and security surveillance. Traditional methods for people counting often rely on manual observation or simple sensor-based approaches, which are prone to inaccuracies, especially in crowded environments with occlusions and complex dynamics. To address these challenges, advanced computer vision techniques have been developed, with deep learning-based methods showing remarkable success in recent years. This abstraction provides an in-depth overview of a people counting system based on head detection utilizing Faster R-CNN from both images and videos. The proposed system leverages Faster R-CNN, a state-of-the-art deep learning framework, to detect heads in input images and video frames. Faster R-CNN is a two-stage object detection architecture that consists of a Region Proposal Network (RPN) for generating region proposals and a Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) for refining these proposals into precise object detections. By employing Faster R-CNN, the system achieves high accuracy and robustness in head detection, enabling reliable people counting in diverse scenarios. The system architecture encompasses several key components, including data acquisition, preprocessing, head detection using Faster R-CNN, post-processing, and counting. Initially, data is acquired from surveillance cameras or other sources, providing input images and video streams. Preprocessing techniques such as image stabilization, noise reduction, and contrast enhancement are applied to improve the quality of the input data and facilitate effective head detection. Faster R-CNN is then utilized to detect heads within the preprocessed images and video frames. The RPN generates candidate regions likely to contain heads, which are subsequently refined by the R-CNN to produce accurate head detections. The network is trained on annotated datasets to learn discriminative features of heads, enabling it to generalize well to unseen data and various environmental conditions. Through this process, Faster R-CNN effectively identifies heads in both images and video frames, even in challenging scenarios with occlusions and varying lighting conditions. Following head detection, post-processing techniques are applied to refine the detected regions and eliminate duplicate detections. Non-maximum suppression (NMS) and bounding box filtering are commonly employed to suppress redundant detections and ensure that each head is counted only once. These post-processing steps help improve the accuracy and reliability of the people counting system, particularly in crowded scenes where multiple heads may overlap or occlude each other. Subsequently, the system performs counting by associating unique identifiers with detected heads and tracking their movement across consecutive frames in videos or images. Various tracking algorithms such as Kalman filtering or centroid-based tracking may be employed to maintain continuity in counting, even in scenarios involving occlusions or temporary disappearances. By tracking individuals over time, the system accurately determines the total number of people present in the monitored area. Moreover, the proposed system incorporates additional features for performance evaluation and user interaction. Metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are utilized to assess the effectiveness of head detection and counting. Visualization tools enable real-time monitoring of the counting process, allowing operators to analyze crowd dynamics and make informed decisions. Additionally, the system supports interactive functionalities such as manual validation of detections and adjustment of counting parameters, enhancing user control and flexibility. Furthermore, the system architecture is designed to be scalable and adaptable to diverse environments. It supports parallel processing and distributed computing to handle large-scale deployments across multiple surveillance zones. Additionally, model retraining mechanisms enable continuous improvement and adaptation to evolving scenarios and demographics. In conclusion, the abstraction presents a comprehensive framework for a people counting system based on head detection using Faster R-CNN from both images and videos. By harnessing the power of deep learning and computer vision, the system offers accurate, efficient, and scalable solutions for crowd management and surveillance applications. Future research directions may focus on optimizing model performance, enhancing robustness to challenging scenarios, and integrating additional contextual information for advanced analytics and decision support.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

Detection, RCNN, Count

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The main aim of the study was to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of knowledge and lifestyle changes regarding Information Education Communication on impact of social network among college students in selected colleges at Coimbatore. The conceptual frame work used for the study was based on the modified J.W. Open Kenny system model. The quasi experimental one group pre test-post test design was used in this study. Sixty samples were selected using purposive sampling technique inn SreeAbiramicollege of Allied health science Coimbatore. Information Education Communication was given to college students. Data was collected before and after the intervention by using standardised knowledge Questionnaire and lifestyle modification scale. The study findings showed that the obtained “t” value was 2.0*.it was significant at p<0.005 level.It shows the Information Education Communication was effective in Improving the knowledge and lifestyle changes among college students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Effectiveness, Information Education Communication ,Knowledge And Lifestyle Changes And College Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The inefficiency of the Nigerian police to protect the lives and properties of the people has led to community efforts to provide their own security. Scholars have highlighted corruption, brutality, authoritarian and repressive postures, high level of extortion, high cost of assessing police services, poverty, and non-personal interactions with police officers as some of the reasons Nigerians have lost faith in the police security efficacy. The people, in order to protect their lives and properties, have established and entrust their security to various vigilante groups in Nigeria, which is as a result of lack of quick response of Nigerian security personnel, particularly the Nigeria Police, when called upon to rescue a crime scene. Vigilantism has become the first point of contact for victims of crime and insecurity. It is in view of this, that this study was embarked to examine Vigilantism, Crime control and the Socio-Economic and Cultural factors In Akinyele area of Ibadan. This study was strictly qualitative and was anchored on the Broken window theory and social control theory and was conducted in Akinyele area of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured Key informant interview guide and structured in-depth interview guide was used to collect data from 18 respondents comprising of head of vigilante groups, chairmen of landlord associations in three selected communities, community members, community heads of selected communities in Akinyele area of Ibadan. The data was analyzed using content analysis and ethnographic summaries. This study discovered that vigilante groups stepped in to fill security lapses created by the Nigerian police in respect to securing lives and properties of the community not only in Akinyele area of Ibadan but also in other parts of Nigerian society. Residence of Akinyele area of Ibadan and its environment have been occasionally terrorized by armed robbery cases and other crime related issues resulting to economic loose prior to the establishment and operations of vigilante groups in Akinyele area of Ibadan. The vigilante groups played a significant role in the reduction of crime and insecurity in Akinyele area of Ibadan. Moreover, the major challenges of the vigilante groups include but not limited to lack of adequate logistics, like patrolling vehicles, communication gadgets, modern weapons and riffles, lack of salary and financial motivations, lack of adequate personnel amongst other challenges. There is a cordial relationship between the police and vigilante groups, in Akinyele area of Ibadan. This study therefore, recommends that state and local governments should approve a salary scale for the Vigilante groups which will enable them collect monthly salaries, logistics such as patrol vehicles and communication gadgets should be made available to the Vigilantes. Also, legislators should consider the approval of the use of modern riffles for the vigilante groups, before handing guns over to them, there is need for adequate training and retraining on how to use these ammunitions. Any member of the group that will handle any of the ammunitions must undergo psychological and emotional test to ascertain his emotional stability before these ammunitions will be handed over to such person for operations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Community, Crime, Insecurity, Nigerian Police, Vigilante group

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT A Quasi Experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of SIM on management of Psychiatric Emergencies on knowledge among staff nurses at selected hospitals, Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu. Quantitative Research approach with quasi experimental design study without control group was adopted by applying purposive sampling technique among 45 nurses working in a psychiatric ward; objective was to assess knowledge, to test the effectiveness of SIM, to compare and to associate their knowledge with their demographic data. Data was collected through socio demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire was used; modified open system theory by S W Kenney was applied. Demographic characteristics reveals majority 51%were in age group of 21-30, 80% were females 44% Hindus, 62% were GNM and had1 to 10 years of experience, 73% did not attend any in service program on psychiatric emergencies management. Self-administered questionnaires was used, at the end of pretest SIM was administered, Over all pretest mean score was 28 ± 4.1(SD) and post test 50.7 +3.41 mean difference was 22.7 Area wise comparison between pretest and post test was done ,found increase in knowledge, whereas the paired t’ test shows that calculated value (11.91) was greater than table value (2.0001) p-value ˂0.01 was significant at level of 0.05 , indicates SIM was effective and there was no significant association(chi square)revealed with their selected demographic data. Overall the study was found effective in increase in knowledge on psychiatric emergencies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Psychiatric, emergencies, nurses

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Matrilineal system has been a topic of concern by scholars of literature and anthropologists in the field of literature and cultural studies. The studies carried out in the field of feminist literature reveals that the effects of matrilineal ideology in the texts was overlooked. However, a feminist analysis of texts written by authors from matrilineal descent reveals the overrepresentation of female characters in comparison with the submissive women of patriarchal societies, and underrepresentation of male characters especially the husbands and fathers. This aspect becomes a cultural and social concern in the literary works and the society, which needs to be researched on and addressed objectively. Therefore, this study analyzes the place of a man and that of a woman in a matrilineal society, on the same note, it accesses the effects of modernism to the character development of an individual as well as outline the effects of disobeying the culture to a boy versus the girl using the survey research design which entails; recruiting of participants, collecting data utilizing the interview and questionnaire techniques. It also employs non-structured qualitative method of research. It explores various texts written by authors of matrilineal descent but limits itself in analyzing two plays: Anowa and The Dilemma of a Ghost by Ama Ata Aidoo. T.S Eliot’s theory of The Great Tradition and the Post-Colonial Literary Theory guides this study

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Matrilineal, Patriarchal, Modernity, Marriage

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The mammary gland is a milk producing gland which is composed largely of fat. It is a complex network of branching ducts and sac -like structures called lobules, which produce milk .Breast tissue fluid drains through the lymphatic into the lymph nodes located in the auxilla and behind the sternum. Breast engorgement and nipple trauma are the complications associated with breastfeeding and considered as the most significant factors impacting on breast fedding in the first weeks of motherhood and primi gravida mothers Breast massage in an easy, readily available and cost effective miraculous method to reduce the breast engorgment. It does not requre elaborate preparation and instruction. It is an evidence based practice to control breast engorgement in post natal period. Objective of the study: • To assess the demographic profile of primigravida mothers. To assess the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding breast feeding problems. To find out the effectiveness of lactational counselling regarding breast feeding problems among primigravida mothers. To find out the associationbetween knowledge score of primigravida mothers regarding breast feeding problems and selected demographic variables. To assess the knowledge of primigrabiva mother’s regarding breast examination. To assesse the knowledge of primigrabiva mother’s regarding breast problems example breastengorgment. To find out the effective neff of latapional councelling during rest enjorment. Material and Method: The researcher conducted the study using quantitative approach and pretest and post test research design on 60 primi gravidae mothers by purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of primi gravidae mothers. Regarding breast engorgement . Descriptive and inferential statistics used to analyze the data. Results: The present study assessed the effectiveness of breast massage on level of breast engorgement among primi gravidea mothers. The results of the study concluded taht applying breast massage was effective in reducing the level of breast engorgement among primi gravidea mothers. Breast Massage is easy to apply, not painful and can enhance comfort to the mother in the postnatal period, hence could easily be adopted as a regular intervention. Therefore, the investigator felt that more importance should be given to the assessment on level of breast engorgemtn among primi gravidea mothrs in 3-6th postnatal day using standard breast engorgement scale, following the intervention of breast massage can be given as a non-pharmacological measures to reduce breast engorgement. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study findings showed that there is a significant improvement in knowledge regarding prevention of breast engorgement and practices of breastfeeding especially in positioning and attachment of the babies compared to the findings of control group. Incidence of breast engorgement is decreased in experimental group and control group. The prenatal teaching was effective and also the programme should be continued in order to improve the overall health and practices of breastfeeding among mothers thereby it reduces the incidence of breast engorgement. Keywords: Assess, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Primigravida Mothers, Breastfeeding Problems

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Keywords

Assess, Effectiveness, Knowledge, Primigravida Mothers, Breastfeeding Problems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

The drug resistance problem is most acute in the case of fungal. There is always a need to develop novel antifungal drugs with better mechanisms of action. Most of the quinazoline-based antibiotics developed are potential antibacterial drug candidates. This review represents quinazoline/quinazolinone-based hybrids with antifungal activity and their structure–activity relationship (SAR). An attempt have been made to explore various binding sites of Quinazoline based heterocyclic analogues with various fungal strains. Structure activity relationship studies of the same analogues have been carried out, that provides better insight into the improvement of quinazoline/quinazolinone based antibiotics especially against multidrug-resistant fungal strains.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Quinazoline, Antifungal, SAR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Modern drugs, no doubt, give fast relief but are associated with several adverse aftereffects. Plant-derived drugs are associated with no side effects. Plants also provide the best options for discovering the effective and safe medications. Native people have treated a variety of ailments with medicinal herbs since ancient times. Plants have long been an excellent source of medications, and many of the pharmaceuticals that are now accessible were produced directly or indirectly from plants. Prunus domestica L. is a medicinal plant that grows 6 to 15 meters tall and belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is considered to have originated around the Caspian Sea. Plum is now grown all over the world, particularly in Central, South, and Southeast Europe, as well as in North Africa, West Asia, India, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and South America. According to many reports, P. domestica is used medicinally in conjunction with other drugs to treat the conditions like leucorrhoea, irregular menstruation, postpartum debility, suppressed immunity, and bad eyesight. It is also used in the prevention of asthma, arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer disease, anaemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in addition to a thorough botanical description, the present chapter is primarily concerned with the phytochemicals and pharmacological review of P. domestica.

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Keywords: Prunus domestica L., Rosaceae, Caspian Sea, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological activities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The general objective of this study was to compare the Psychosocial Adjustment and Educational Disparity between Manjo and Non Manjo Community students in Schools of Sheka zone. This study helped to fill a gap by exploring psychosocial problems encountered Manjo community students , Psychosocial adjustment difference and educational enrolments and achievements between Manjo and Non Manjo community students .It also examines psychosocial difference among sex of Manjo Community students. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to achieve the research objectives.Two woreda; nine selected schools in Sheka Zone participated in the study. Random stratified sampling technique was used in this study with sample size of three hundred seventy one (N=371)students, one hundred twenty six female (N=126) and two hundred forty five (N=245) male, age ranged between 11-19 years and Purposive sampling technique was used sample size of twenty five (N=25), 9 from Manjo community students and 16 from stakeholders in education sectors for qualitative data.In this study, psychosocial adjustment has three constructs or elements, therefore, the researcher adapts Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) is a 20-item self report depression inventory for student’s age ranges from 8-17, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents of 24 items age range from 8-17 to assess social anxiety for Children and Adolescents of Manjo Community age 8-17 ranged students and Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale (RSES) ten items were used to assess self-esteem of Manjo community students.Descriptive and inferential statistics were used and analysed six research questions. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version-20 (SPSS-20) was used for statistical analysis.Firstof all reliability of the scale was determined. The Manjo community social stigma and discrimination and problems have been late to being changed today in globalized societies. Independent Sample t - test were applied to find the quantitative facts of the study. Results revealed that there is a significant psychosocial Adjustment difference between Manjo community and Non Manjo community students, There is no a significant Psychosocial Adjustments among sex of Manjo and Non Manjo community students. There are huge difference in Educational enrolment and academic achievement of Manjo Community students .Eta measure of association showed Positive correlationbetween psychosocial adjustment and academic achievement Manjo community students of Students. Multiple Linear Regressions were revealed that the combination of psychosocial adjustment constructs predicts educational achievements of Manjo community students, furthermore self-esteem were best predictor of educational achievements of Manjo community students. There is no organized support system to empower in education of marginalized Manjo community students, education sectors simply expected Manjo community will benefited from inclusive education. Stakeholder in education sectors of Sheka zone should employ and assign Psychology and Especial needs Professionals for schools to overcome psychosocial adjustment problems and education disparity of Manjo community students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Psychosocial; Adjustment; Educational; Disparity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

PROBLEM STATEMENT A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS WEANING OF SIM ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDINGWEANING WAS DEVELOPED FOR LACTATING MOTHERS WHOSE CHILDREN WERE IN THE AGE GROUP OF 6-12 MONTHS,IN SELECTED VILLAGES M.P. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.To prepare self instructional module on weaning. 2.To determine the effectiveness of self instructional module in lactating mothers regarding weaning, in terms of gain in knowledge as measured by post test. 3.To find the association of pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS 1.Effectiveness: In this study effectiveness refers to the knowledge gain on weaning as determined by significant difference in pre-test and post test knowledge scores. 2.Self instructional module: In this study it refers to the structured learning material which includes meaning, type of weaning foods, weaning process, preparation and storage of weaning foods, identification of problems associated with weaning, prevention and management of problems. 3.Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to correct response obtained from mothers to the knowledge questions on weaning as measured by a structured knowledge questionnaire. 4.Lactating mother: In this study lactating mothers refers to mothers who have infants between 6-12 months age who started supplementary feeding. 5.Weaning: In this study weaning refers to the process of introducing supplementary foods along with breast milk at appropriate time under hygienic conditions to promote normal growth and development. ASSUMPTIONS 1.Lactating mothers may have some knowledge regarding weaning and may be willing to express their knowledge. 2.The self instructional module may be effective in improving the knowledge of lactating mothers regarding weaning. DELIMITATIONS 1.The study is limited to lactating mothers who have infants aged 6-12 months and residing in selected villages at the time of data collection. 2.The sample size is limited to 50 lactating mothers in selected villages. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES H1: The mean post- test knowledge of lactating mothers regarding weaning will be significantly higher than mean pre-test knowledge scores at 0.05 level of significance. H2: There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge scores with selected demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A theoretical framework is a collection of concepts whose inter relationship describes or explains phenomena that have not been proven. It communicates clearly the interpretation of various concepts14.Conceptual framework is the theoretical approach to the study of problems that are scientifically based which emphasise the selection, arrangement and classification of its concepts. Conceptual framework states functional relationship between events and is not limited to statistical relationship.15 The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge of lactating mothers regarding weaning. The conceptual framework of the present study was developed by the investigator based on the Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Model. The model focuses on interpersonal relationship of the mothers and the investigator. In which interaction takes place between the investigator and the mothers and is influenced by the perception of both. This interaction leads to mutual goal-setting that is to be achieved by the mother in terms of gain in knowledge. Interaction King defines interaction as “a process of perception and communication between person and environment and between persons and person, represented by verbal or non verbal behaviours that are goal directed”16. Each individual interaction brings different knowledge, needs, goals, past experiences and perceptions which influences the further interactions. In this study, the researcher and the subject come together for an interaction a different set of perceptions to exchange. Perception According to King, it includes the important and transformation of energy and processing, storing and exporting information. Perception is action oriented in the present and based on the information that is available. Perception is a process in which data obtained through the senses and from memory are organized, interpreted and transformed.16 In this study researcher perceives the subjects and need for information regarding the knowledge on weaning after a structured knowledge questionnaire. Mutual goals were set to improve the knowledge of lactating mothers on weaning thereby preventing malnutrition among under fives. Communication King defines communication as “a process whereby information is given from one person to another either directly in face to face meeting or indirectly through television or written record. Communication is required to verify accuracy of perception for interaction and transaction.”16In this study the researcher communicates to the subjects by providing a self instructional module on weaning. Transaction Each human being perceives the world as a total person in making transactions with individuals and things in environment. “Transaction represents a life situation in which perceiver and thing perceived are encountered; in which person enters the situation as an active participant and each is changed in the process of these experiences”16 In the study transaction between the subject and the self instructional module takes place. The subject perceives the need to improve the knowledge about weaning to save their children from threat of malnutrition. After a week subject knowledge on weaning was assessed by post test in order to find out the effectiveness of self instructional module. The goal is said to be achieved when there is an improvement in the level of knowledge. When there is no improvement in knowledge go for feedback and process has to start from beginning. SUMMARY This chapter dealt with the objectives, operational definitions, assumptions, delimitations, Hypotheses and conceptual framework.

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Keywords

EFFECTIVENESS,SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE,KNOWLEDGE,LACTATING MOTHER,WEANING

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Abstract

The integration of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the landscape of accounting and auditing practices, offering novel solutions to age-old challenges. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent scientific research in this domain, highlighting the latest developments and advancements. In recent years, the intersection of blockchain and AI has led to unprecedented opportunities for enhancing transparency, accuracy, and efficiency in accounting and auditing processes. Blockchain's immutable and decentralized nature facilitates secure and tamper-resistant record-keeping, addressing concerns of fraud and data manipulation. Concurrently, AI technologies, such as machine learning and natural language processing, enable automation and real-time data analysis, thereby streamlining auditing procedures and providing valuable insights. Prominent researchers have extensively explored the synergies between blockchain and AI in the context of accounting and auditing. Hongdan Han, Radha K. Shiwakoti, Robin Jarvis, Chima Mordi, David Botchie (2023) analyzed the impact of blockchain's distributed ledger technology on financial reporting, revealing improved financial statement reliability and audit trail transparency. Additionally, by Mohammed Assiri, and Mamoona Humayun (2023) introduced an AI-powered auditing system that leverages blockchain to validate transactions and detect anomalies with higher precision and reduced manual intervention. Moreover, the adoption of smart contracts, self-executing programs on blockchain, has revolutionized auditing procedures. Chen and Lee (2023) demonstrated the utilization of AI-driven smart contracts for real-time auditing, minimizing audit lag and expediting decision-making processes for auditors and stakeholders alike. As the fusion of blockchain and AI continues to evolve, researchers and practitioners envision a future where auditing will be performed with heightened accuracy, reduced costs, and enhanced real-time insights. However, challenges remain, including regulatory and privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and the need for standardization in the application of these technologies. This article sheds light on the promising developments in the integration of blockchain technology and AI in accounting and auditing. Recent scientific studies have highlighted the transformative potential of these technologies, offering novel approaches to addressing long-standing challenges in the financial sector. As the field progresses, further research and collaboration among industry stakeholders are required to fully realize the benefits of this disruptive synergy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blockchain technology, Artificial Intelligence, Accounting, Auditing.

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Abstract

Periodontal regeneration is a field of dentistry focused on restoring and regenerating the tissues that support the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Recent advancements in periodontal regeneration have aimed to improve treatment outcomes, enhance tissue healing, and provide more effective and predictable results for patients with periodontal diseases. The restoration of missing tooth-supporting tissues, such as the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum, has been the focus of numerous regenerative periodontal therapies over the past 20 years, including guided tissue regeneration (GTR), enamel matrix derivative, bone grafts, growth factor delivery, and the combination of cells and growth factors with matrix-based scaffolds.

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Periodontal regeneration, Bone grafts, Guided tissue regeneration, Emd, Growth factors, Stem cells

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The work entitled “project cycle management and success of development partners funded projects. A Case of Electrification of Productive Users Project through World Bank Funds in Muhanga District, Rwanda (2019-2022)” was conducted for assessing the validity of three specific objectives such as: to determine the influence of project initiation on Success of Electrification of Productive Users Project, to explore the influence of project planning on Success of Electrification of Productive Users Project, and to establish the influence of monitoring & evaluation on Success of Electrification of Productive Users Project. This study is census, descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative design. The study was used both primary data and secondary data. 40 respondents as entire population was assessed (8 staff of EDCL and 32 project beneficiaries); the study has adopted census technique. Data was collected using questionnaire and documentation. Questionnaire was made for two different population categories and questions were different, however for analysis the population size was reduced to ensure that 8 respondents represent each side. Analysis of data was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Scientists) and results obtained were presented in form of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results were presented as follows: Reference to the 1st study objective, findings of the study indicate that electrification of productive use project has effectively used risk management metrics, data collection plan, reporting feedback mechanisms, correctives action (project planning) toward success of the project means meet planned objectives and goals, time, budget and quality standards (an average of .33.3% Strongly Agreed, 66.7% Agreed, 4.34 Mean and 0.500 Standard Deviation and Strong Homogeneity). Reference to the 2nd study objective, results indicate that electrification of productive use project in Muhanga district has effectively used or ensured performance metrics, data collection plan, reporting, feedback mechanisms and corrective action (monitoring and evaluation) and this has supported to overcome all project implementation risks including these created by the COVID-19 pandemic and the project achieved its success (an average of 25 Strongly Agreed, 75% Agreed, 4.25 Mean, 0.414 Standard Deviation and Strong Homogeneity). And the 3rd study objective assessment, study results indicate that electrification of productive uses in Muhanga district has contributed to improvement of educational services delivery where students and teachers get access to electronic materials use and this led to quality education and easy courses preparation. Electrification of health facilities (health centers and health posts) has made great improvement in health services where now they can work during the night and use electronic medical test tools and use of electricity has made positive changes in hygiene of medical materials (an average of 42.7% Strongly Agreed, 57.3% Agreed, 4.43 Mean and 0.502 Standard Deviation and Strong Heterogeneity). Reference to the study findings, electrification of productive use project in Muhanga district has registered a good success level after several challenges including COVID-19 pandemic effects. The study recommends beneficiaries of this project to use efficiently the electricity connected to their institutions toward better services provision by applying measures of efficiency and use of efficient appliances.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Impact; project cycle management; success; development; partners funded projects; Electrification of Productive Users Project; World Bank Funds

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ABSTRACT Stakeholders’ participation in government decision making process improves the quality of decision and bridge between government and mass people in the planning and development activities. The objective of this paper is to analyze the understanding of stakeholders’ participation at on-going stage of current national land zoning project in Bangladesh. The study finds the degree of participatory mechanism that takes place and influence in a course of action. The findings are derived from descriptive fieldwork with Bangladeshi civil servants and various stakeholders. Data collection is based on semi-structured interview, questionnaire survey, focus group discussion, observation and analysis of documents. The research is shown that a lack of participation in decision formation can lead to problems both in the implementation of policy instruments and realization of stated policy goals. The result show, however, that it is important to ask who and why does not participate and analyze the consequence on policy formation and implementation of non-participation. The study proposes a tripartite mechanism of participation for reinventing government policy for public acceptance.

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Key words: stakeholders, participation, non-participation, land zoning, local government, impediment, implementation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention and management of varicose veins among security guards in selected security recruitment agency, Kanpur Nagar. Nurses are an integral component of health care delivery system. In discharging the duties, nurses encounter a variety of occupational health problems, which may be categorized in to biological hazards, physical hazards and psychological hazards. Objectives: Assess the knowledge on prevention and management of varicose veins among security guards. Evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding prevention and management of varicose Veins. Determine the association between knowledge scores of security guards on prevention and management of varicose veins with selected demographic variables. Research Methodology: The study was conducted in security recruitment agency, Kanpur nagar and the research method adopted was Pre experimental one group Pre-test and Post- test design. As per the inclusion criteria, 50 samples were selected. The pre-test score of knowledge was assessed by a selfstructured questionnaire. A structured teaching program on prevention and management of varicose veins (duration of 30-45 minutes) was given and the post-test assessment was done on the 7th dayby using the same tool. Results: The study finding revealed an increase in the knowledge level following the structured teaching program. In this study, the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant improvement (t = 29.25, p <0.05), in the level of knowledge after implementation of structured teaching program and significant association (  2 = 5.091, p < 0.05) between pretest score of knowledge on prevention and management of varicose veins with age, professional education and years of experience. Conclusion: Structured teaching program was helpful in improving knowledge among security guards regarding prevention and management of varicose veins.

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Effectiveness, structured teaching program, varicose veins.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In an ever-evolving landscape of technological advancements and opportunities, the traditional notions of career paths and success have undergone a significant transformation. The changing landscape of career pathways has ushered in a new era, where unconventional and off-beat professions are taking centre stage. As individuals seek fulfilling and financially rewarding careers, the importance of Return on Investment (ROI) and cost-effectiveness has become increasingly prominent in their decision-making process. Gone are the days when the pursuit of careers was confined to well-trodden paths of medicine and engineering, accompanied by hefty tuition fees and prolonged educational journeys. Today, a paradigm shift has occurred, as individuals recognise the immense potential and benefits of exploring alternative career choices that offer not only high demand and good scope but also remarkable ROI. The purpose of this white paper is to provide a comprehensive and insightful exploration of 15 unconventional careers that offer a breath of fresh air in the changing landscape of professional pursuits. It aims to equip readers with an in-depth understanding and valuable insights into a range of non-traditional professions that not only captivate the imagination but also provide promising opportunities for growth and financial stability. Furthermore, this white paper seeks to shed light on the changing dynamics of career pathways and emphasise the significance of considering ROI and cost-effectiveness in career choices. It aims to challenge the prevailing notions of success and encourage individuals to discover and explore unconventional career paths that not only align with their passions but also offer a remarkable return on their investment, both in terms of time and money. By presenting a wealth of information, statistical data, testimonials, and success stories, this white paper endeavours to empower readers to make informed decisions about their educational and professional journeys. It serves as a guiding beacon, showcasing the potential of unconventional careers and dispelling the notion that a costly degree is the only pathway to success. In the following sections, we will delve into the details of 15 unconventional careers, explore the universities and educational institutions offering relevant courses, and examine the countries that exhibit a high demand for these jobs. Our aim is to equip readers with the knowledge and insights needed to join an exciting and rewarding career journey that breaks free from conventional norms. As we explore these unconventional career paths, let us challenge the status quo, embrace the evolving dynamics of the job market, and set our sights on fulfilling and financially viable professional pursuits. Together, let’s create a journey of discovery, where passion and profitability intersect in extraordinary ways.

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unconventional careers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Domestic violence is a global issue that has a significant impact on both individuals and families. While research has shown that men can also be victims of domestic violence, it is generally understood that domestic violence is violence committed by men against women. Any pattern of behavior employed by a partner or ex-partner to exert dominance and control over a male victim is considered domestic violence against males. Abuse in this context could be psychological, emotional, sexual, or financial. “Male victims of domestic violence suffer particular difficulties when trying to get support and assistance, despite the fact that it is a common occurrence. According to studies, males who encounter domestic abuse may experience a variety of physical and mental health issues as well as social challenges.”

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition